Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Bleomycin and Hesperidin Combination on A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Antiproliferative, Apoptotic, Anti-Angiogenic, and Autophagic Insights
<b>Background</b>: This study investigated the combined effects of hesperidin (Hesp), a natural flavonoid, with bleomycin (BL), a commonly used chemotherapy agent, on A549 human lung cancer cells. <b>Methods</b>: Key parameters assessed included cell viability, colony formati...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/254 |
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| Summary: | <b>Background</b>: This study investigated the combined effects of hesperidin (Hesp), a natural flavonoid, with bleomycin (BL), a commonly used chemotherapy agent, on A549 human lung cancer cells. <b>Methods</b>: Key parameters assessed included cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration, alongside the expression of apoptotic and autophagic markers (p53, p21, Bax, cleaved PARP, and Beclin-1), VEGF levels, and caspase-3 activity. <b>Results</b>: The findings revealed that the Hesp + BL combination significantly amplified antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and autophagic effects compared to either treatment alone. The combination therapy effectively inhibited colony formation and cell migration while markedly reducing VEGF levels, indicating strong anti-angiogenic properties. Apoptotic markers such as p53, p21, Bax, and cPARP were significantly upregulated, with caspase-3 activity confirming robust apoptosis induction. Furthermore, autophagy was notably enhanced, as reflected by increased Beclin-1 expression. <b>Conclusions</b>: Synergistic interactions between Hesp and BL, validated through combination index analysis, underscore the therapeutic potential of this combination. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the Hesp + BL combination as a promising strategy for lung cancer treatment, meriting further exploration in diverse lung cancer cell lines to validate and expand its applicability in developing novel therapeutic approaches. |
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| ISSN: | 1424-8247 |