Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks
Understanding the time-dependent behavior of rocks is important for ensuring the long-term stability of underground structures. Aspects of such a time-dependent behavior include the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, strength, creep, and relaxation. In particular, the loading-rate dependenc...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Shock and Vibration |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2215900 |
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| _version_ | 1832549190470729728 |
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| author | Hailong Zhang Seisuke Okubo Cancan Chen Yang Tang Jiang Xu |
| author_facet | Hailong Zhang Seisuke Okubo Cancan Chen Yang Tang Jiang Xu |
| author_sort | Hailong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the time-dependent behavior of rocks is important for ensuring the long-term stability of underground structures. Aspects of such a time-dependent behavior include the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, strength, creep, and relaxation. In particular, the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus of rocks has not been fully clarified. In this study, four different types of rocks were tested, and the results were used to analyze the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus and explain the underlying mechanism. For all four rocks, Young’s modulus increased linearly with a tenfold increase in the loading rate. The rocks showed the same loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus. A variable-compliance constitutive equation was proposed for the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, and the calculated results agreed well with measured values. Irrecoverable and recoverable strains were separated by loading-unloading-reloading tests at preset stress levels. The constitutive equations showed that the rate of increase in Young’s modulus increased with the irrecoverable strain and decreased with increasing stress. The increase in the irrecoverable strain was delayed at high loading rates, which was concluded to be the main reason for the increase in Young’s modulus with an increasing loading rate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b5e31c3e2e084ee6bc58ce7f42a213e2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1070-9622 1875-9203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Shock and Vibration |
| spelling | doaj-art-b5e31c3e2e084ee6bc58ce7f42a213e22025-02-03T06:12:00ZengWileyShock and Vibration1070-96221875-92032021-01-01202110.1155/2021/22159002215900Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II RocksHailong Zhang0Seisuke Okubo1Cancan Chen2Yang Tang3Jiang Xu4School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaUnderstanding the time-dependent behavior of rocks is important for ensuring the long-term stability of underground structures. Aspects of such a time-dependent behavior include the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, strength, creep, and relaxation. In particular, the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus of rocks has not been fully clarified. In this study, four different types of rocks were tested, and the results were used to analyze the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus and explain the underlying mechanism. For all four rocks, Young’s modulus increased linearly with a tenfold increase in the loading rate. The rocks showed the same loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus. A variable-compliance constitutive equation was proposed for the loading-rate dependency of Young’s modulus, and the calculated results agreed well with measured values. Irrecoverable and recoverable strains were separated by loading-unloading-reloading tests at preset stress levels. The constitutive equations showed that the rate of increase in Young’s modulus increased with the irrecoverable strain and decreased with increasing stress. The increase in the irrecoverable strain was delayed at high loading rates, which was concluded to be the main reason for the increase in Young’s modulus with an increasing loading rate.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2215900 |
| spellingShingle | Hailong Zhang Seisuke Okubo Cancan Chen Yang Tang Jiang Xu Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks Shock and Vibration |
| title | Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks |
| title_full | Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks |
| title_fullStr | Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks |
| title_short | Loading-Rate Dependency of Young’s Modulus for Class I and Class II Rocks |
| title_sort | loading rate dependency of young s modulus for class i and class ii rocks |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2215900 |
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