Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis
Abstract Background Dementia is a growing public health concern with limited effective treatments. Diet may be a modifiable factor that significantly impacts brain health. Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been suggested to be associated with brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers related to dem...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02276-1 |
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| author | Xiaojie Wang Zhiyao Xin Xiuwen Li Keying Wu Wanxin Wang Lan Guo Li Wang Xin Mo Xinjian Liu Zhihui Guo Jing Wang Ciyong Lu |
| author_facet | Xiaojie Wang Zhiyao Xin Xiuwen Li Keying Wu Wanxin Wang Lan Guo Li Wang Xin Mo Xinjian Liu Zhihui Guo Jing Wang Ciyong Lu |
| author_sort | Xiaojie Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dementia is a growing public health concern with limited effective treatments. Diet may be a modifiable factor that significantly impacts brain health. Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been suggested to be associated with brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers related to dementia, but the existing evidence is inconsistent. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the association between MeDi and dementia-related MRI markers. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to September 2024. Two reviewers worked in parallel to select studies and extract data. We considered epidemiologic studies that reported beta coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MRI markers related to MeDi. Separate meta-analyses were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Results A total of 20 relevant studies involving 44,893 individuals were included in the analysis. Thirteen cross-sectional studies included a total of 42,955 participants. A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies revealed significant associations between MeDi and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (β = − 0.03, 95% CI = − 0.05– − 0.01, P = 0.02). However, there were no significant associations found between MeDi and total brain volume (TBV) (β = − 0.03, 95% CI = − 0.20–0.13, P = 0.71), gray matter volume (GMV) (β = 0.26, 95% CI = − 0.19–0.71, P = 0.26), white matter volume (WMV) (β = − 0.09, 95% CI = − 0.40–0.22, P = 0.58), or hippocampal volume (HCV) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 7.74–9.79, P = 0.82). In the longitudinal analysis, seven prospective studies with an average follow-up period ranging from 1.5 to 9 years and involving 1,938 participants. The combined effect size of MeDi showed no significant association with TBV or GMV. Conclusion Adherence to MeDi may be associated with reduced WMH in older adults. This suggests that MeDi may affect brain health and highlights the need for further research into its role as a modifiable lifestyle factor that might potentially modify the risk of dementia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2e5e1f25f4a43359517a90d7c91a466 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2e5e1f25f4a43359517a90d7c91a4662025-01-19T12:14:56ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-01-0130111810.1186/s40001-025-02276-1Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysisXiaojie Wang0Zhiyao Xin1Xiuwen Li2Keying Wu3Wanxin Wang4Lan Guo5Li Wang6Xin Mo7Xinjian Liu8Zhihui Guo9Jing Wang10Ciyong Lu11Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Radiology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Radiology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityAbstract Background Dementia is a growing public health concern with limited effective treatments. Diet may be a modifiable factor that significantly impacts brain health. Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been suggested to be associated with brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers related to dementia, but the existing evidence is inconsistent. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the association between MeDi and dementia-related MRI markers. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to September 2024. Two reviewers worked in parallel to select studies and extract data. We considered epidemiologic studies that reported beta coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MRI markers related to MeDi. Separate meta-analyses were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Results A total of 20 relevant studies involving 44,893 individuals were included in the analysis. Thirteen cross-sectional studies included a total of 42,955 participants. A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies revealed significant associations between MeDi and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (β = − 0.03, 95% CI = − 0.05– − 0.01, P = 0.02). However, there were no significant associations found between MeDi and total brain volume (TBV) (β = − 0.03, 95% CI = − 0.20–0.13, P = 0.71), gray matter volume (GMV) (β = 0.26, 95% CI = − 0.19–0.71, P = 0.26), white matter volume (WMV) (β = − 0.09, 95% CI = − 0.40–0.22, P = 0.58), or hippocampal volume (HCV) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 7.74–9.79, P = 0.82). In the longitudinal analysis, seven prospective studies with an average follow-up period ranging from 1.5 to 9 years and involving 1,938 participants. The combined effect size of MeDi showed no significant association with TBV or GMV. Conclusion Adherence to MeDi may be associated with reduced WMH in older adults. This suggests that MeDi may affect brain health and highlights the need for further research into its role as a modifiable lifestyle factor that might potentially modify the risk of dementia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02276-1Mediterranean dietDementiaMagnetic resonance imaging markersMeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Xiaojie Wang Zhiyao Xin Xiuwen Li Keying Wu Wanxin Wang Lan Guo Li Wang Xin Mo Xinjian Liu Zhihui Guo Jing Wang Ciyong Lu Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis European Journal of Medical Research Mediterranean diet Dementia Magnetic resonance imaging markers Meta-analysis |
| title | Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis |
| title_full | Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis |
| title_short | Mediterranean diet and dementia: MRI marker evidence from meta-analysis |
| title_sort | mediterranean diet and dementia mri marker evidence from meta analysis |
| topic | Mediterranean diet Dementia Magnetic resonance imaging markers Meta-analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02276-1 |
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