Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers
It is known that intensive training and expertise are associated with functional and structural neuroadaptations. Most studies, however, compared experts with nonexperts; hence it is, specifically for sports, unclear whether the neuroplastic adaptations reported are sport-specific or sport-general....
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6817397 |
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| author | Jessica Meier Marlene Sofie Topka Jürgen Hänggi |
| author_facet | Jessica Meier Marlene Sofie Topka Jürgen Hänggi |
| author_sort | Jessica Meier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is known that intensive training and expertise are associated with functional and structural neuroadaptations. Most studies, however, compared experts with nonexperts; hence it is, specifically for sports, unclear whether the neuroplastic adaptations reported are sport-specific or sport-general. Here we aimed at investigating sport-specific adaptations in professional handball players and ballet dancers by focusing on the primary motor and somatosensory grey matter (GM) representation of hands and feet using voxel-based morphometry as well as on fractional anisotropy (FA) of the corticospinal tract by means of diffusion tensor imaging-based fibre tractography. As predicted, GM volume was increased in hand areas of handball players, whereas ballet dancers showed increased GM volume in foot areas. Compared to handball players, ballet dancers showed decreased FA in both fibres connecting the foot and hand areas, but they showed lower FA in fibres connecting the foot compared to their hand areas, whereas handball players showed lower FA in fibres connecting the hand compared to their foot areas. Our results suggest that structural adaptations are sport-specific and are manifested in brain regions associated with the neural processing of sport-specific skills. We believe this enriches the plasticity research in general and extends our knowledge of sport expertise in particular. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2a2b74b99ed4c40b815fa3a41f1148e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2a2b74b99ed4c40b815fa3a41f1148e2025-02-03T01:00:21ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432016-01-01201610.1155/2016/68173976817397Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet DancersJessica Meier0Marlene Sofie Topka1Jürgen Hänggi2Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, SwitzerlandDivision Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, SwitzerlandDivision Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, SwitzerlandIt is known that intensive training and expertise are associated with functional and structural neuroadaptations. Most studies, however, compared experts with nonexperts; hence it is, specifically for sports, unclear whether the neuroplastic adaptations reported are sport-specific or sport-general. Here we aimed at investigating sport-specific adaptations in professional handball players and ballet dancers by focusing on the primary motor and somatosensory grey matter (GM) representation of hands and feet using voxel-based morphometry as well as on fractional anisotropy (FA) of the corticospinal tract by means of diffusion tensor imaging-based fibre tractography. As predicted, GM volume was increased in hand areas of handball players, whereas ballet dancers showed increased GM volume in foot areas. Compared to handball players, ballet dancers showed decreased FA in both fibres connecting the foot and hand areas, but they showed lower FA in fibres connecting the foot compared to their hand areas, whereas handball players showed lower FA in fibres connecting the hand compared to their foot areas. Our results suggest that structural adaptations are sport-specific and are manifested in brain regions associated with the neural processing of sport-specific skills. We believe this enriches the plasticity research in general and extends our knowledge of sport expertise in particular.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6817397 |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Meier Marlene Sofie Topka Jürgen Hänggi Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers Neural Plasticity |
| title | Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers |
| title_full | Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers |
| title_fullStr | Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers |
| title_short | Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers |
| title_sort | differences in cortical representation and structural connectivity of hands and feet between professional handball players and ballet dancers |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6817397 |
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