Interleukin-4 prevents increased endothelial permeability by inducing pericyte survival and modulating microglial responses in diabetic retinopathy
IntroductionRetinal vascular leakage due to increased endothelial permeability is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and visual impairment. Pericyte loss and microglia-mediated inflammation exacerbate this vascular dysfunction. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is known for its...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1609796/full |
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