Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III
ABSTRACT The rapid increase in infections caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris is of global concern, and understanding its expansion is a priority. The phylogenetic diversity of the yeast is clustered in five major clades, among which clade III is particularly relevant, as most of it...
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American Society for Microbiology
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03164-24 |
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| author | Irving Cancino-Muñoz Juan Vicente Mulet-Bayona Carme Salvador-García Nuria Tormo-Palop Remedios Guna Concepción Gimeno-Cardona Fernando González-Candelas |
| author_facet | Irving Cancino-Muñoz Juan Vicente Mulet-Bayona Carme Salvador-García Nuria Tormo-Palop Remedios Guna Concepción Gimeno-Cardona Fernando González-Candelas |
| author_sort | Irving Cancino-Muñoz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The rapid increase in infections caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris is of global concern, and understanding its expansion is a priority. The phylogenetic diversity of the yeast is clustered in five major clades, among which clade III is particularly relevant, as most of its strains exhibit resistance to fluconazole, reducing the therapeutic alternatives and provoking outbreaks that are difficult to control. In this study, we have investigated the phylogenetic structure of clade III by analyzing a global collection of 566 genomes. We have identified three subgroups within clade III, among which two are genetically most closely related. Moreover, we have estimated the evolutionary rate of clade III to be 2.25e-7 s/s/y (2.87 changes per year). We found that one of these subgroups shows intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and is responsible for the majority of cases within this clade globally. We inferred that this subgroup may have originated around December 2010 (95% High Probability Density (HPD): April 2010–June 2011), and since then it has spread across continents, generating multiple large outbreaks, each with a unique pattern of transmission and dissemination. These results highlight the remarkable ability of the pathogen to adapt to its environment and its rapid global spread, underscoring the urgent need to address this epidemiological challenge effectively.IMPORTANCEThe number of cases affected by Candida auris has increased worryingly worldwide. Among the currently recognized clades, clade III has the highest proportion of fluconazole-resistant cases and is spreading very rapidly, causing large nosocomial outbreaks across the globe. By analyzing complete fungal genomes from around the world, we have confirmed the origin of this clade and unraveled its dispersal patterns in the early 2010s. This finding provides knowledge that may be helpful to the public health authorities for the control of the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b15e911447784ce795e84190a3eb3dee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2150-7511 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
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| series | mBio |
| spelling | doaj-art-b15e911447784ce795e84190a3eb3dee2025-02-05T14:00:48ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112025-02-0116210.1128/mbio.03164-24Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade IIIIrving Cancino-Muñoz0Juan Vicente Mulet-Bayona1Carme Salvador-García2Nuria Tormo-Palop3Remedios Guna4Concepción Gimeno-Cardona5Fernando González-Candelas6Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública FISABIO-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, SpainServicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, SpainServicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, SpainServicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, SpainServicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, SpainServicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, SpainUnidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública FISABIO-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, SpainABSTRACT The rapid increase in infections caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris is of global concern, and understanding its expansion is a priority. The phylogenetic diversity of the yeast is clustered in five major clades, among which clade III is particularly relevant, as most of its strains exhibit resistance to fluconazole, reducing the therapeutic alternatives and provoking outbreaks that are difficult to control. In this study, we have investigated the phylogenetic structure of clade III by analyzing a global collection of 566 genomes. We have identified three subgroups within clade III, among which two are genetically most closely related. Moreover, we have estimated the evolutionary rate of clade III to be 2.25e-7 s/s/y (2.87 changes per year). We found that one of these subgroups shows intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and is responsible for the majority of cases within this clade globally. We inferred that this subgroup may have originated around December 2010 (95% High Probability Density (HPD): April 2010–June 2011), and since then it has spread across continents, generating multiple large outbreaks, each with a unique pattern of transmission and dissemination. These results highlight the remarkable ability of the pathogen to adapt to its environment and its rapid global spread, underscoring the urgent need to address this epidemiological challenge effectively.IMPORTANCEThe number of cases affected by Candida auris has increased worryingly worldwide. Among the currently recognized clades, clade III has the highest proportion of fluconazole-resistant cases and is spreading very rapidly, causing large nosocomial outbreaks across the globe. By analyzing complete fungal genomes from around the world, we have confirmed the origin of this clade and unraveled its dispersal patterns in the early 2010s. This finding provides knowledge that may be helpful to the public health authorities for the control of the disease.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03164-24fungal pathogenCandida aurisfluconazole resistancephylogenetic structuredispersion |
| spellingShingle | Irving Cancino-Muñoz Juan Vicente Mulet-Bayona Carme Salvador-García Nuria Tormo-Palop Remedios Guna Concepción Gimeno-Cardona Fernando González-Candelas Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III mBio fungal pathogen Candida auris fluconazole resistance phylogenetic structure dispersion |
| title | Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III |
| title_full | Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III |
| title_fullStr | Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III |
| title_short | Short-term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole-resistance in Candida auris clade III |
| title_sort | short term evolution and dispersal patterns of fluconazole resistance in candida auris clade iii |
| topic | fungal pathogen Candida auris fluconazole resistance phylogenetic structure dispersion |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.03164-24 |
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