Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has evolved into variants with varied infectivity. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection have boosted immunity, but there is still uncertainty on how long the immunity from natural infection o...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9125398 |
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| author | Tanmay Ghildiyal Nishant Rai Janhvi Mishra Rawat Maargavi Singh Jigisha Anand Gaurav Pant Gaurav Kumar Amrullah Shidiki |
| author_facet | Tanmay Ghildiyal Nishant Rai Janhvi Mishra Rawat Maargavi Singh Jigisha Anand Gaurav Pant Gaurav Kumar Amrullah Shidiki |
| author_sort | Tanmay Ghildiyal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has evolved into variants with varied infectivity. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection have boosted immunity, but there is still uncertainty on how long the immunity from natural infection or vaccination will last. The present study attempts to outline the present level of information about the contagiousness and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern (VOCs). The keywords like COVID-19 vaccine types, VOCs, universal vaccines, bivalent, and other relevant terms were searched in NCBI, Science Direct, and WHO databases to review the published literature. The review provides an integrative discussion on the current state of knowledge on the type of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2, the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines concerning the VOCs, and prospects of novel universal, chimeric, and bivalent mRNA vaccines efficacy to fend off existing variants and other emerging coronaviruses. Genomic variation can be quite significant, as seen by the notable differences in impact, transmission rate, morbidity, and death during several human coronavirus outbreaks. Therefore, understanding the amount and characteristics of coronavirus genetic diversity in historical and contemporary strains can help researchers get an edge over upcoming variants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b15e3254095346ec986052085d382866 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b15e3254095346ec986052085d3828662025-02-03T01:31:59ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562024-01-01202410.1155/2024/9125398Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 VariantsTanmay Ghildiyal0Nishant Rai1Janhvi Mishra Rawat2Maargavi Singh3Jigisha Anand4Gaurav Pant5Gaurav Kumar6Amrullah Shidiki7Department of Microbial BiotechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyDepartment of Instrumentation and Control EngineeringDepartment of BiotechnologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyNational Medical College and Teaching HospitalSince the COVID-19 outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has evolved into variants with varied infectivity. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection have boosted immunity, but there is still uncertainty on how long the immunity from natural infection or vaccination will last. The present study attempts to outline the present level of information about the contagiousness and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern (VOCs). The keywords like COVID-19 vaccine types, VOCs, universal vaccines, bivalent, and other relevant terms were searched in NCBI, Science Direct, and WHO databases to review the published literature. The review provides an integrative discussion on the current state of knowledge on the type of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2, the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines concerning the VOCs, and prospects of novel universal, chimeric, and bivalent mRNA vaccines efficacy to fend off existing variants and other emerging coronaviruses. Genomic variation can be quite significant, as seen by the notable differences in impact, transmission rate, morbidity, and death during several human coronavirus outbreaks. Therefore, understanding the amount and characteristics of coronavirus genetic diversity in historical and contemporary strains can help researchers get an edge over upcoming variants.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9125398 |
| spellingShingle | Tanmay Ghildiyal Nishant Rai Janhvi Mishra Rawat Maargavi Singh Jigisha Anand Gaurav Pant Gaurav Kumar Amrullah Shidiki Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants |
| title_full | Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants |
| title_fullStr | Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants |
| title_short | Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants |
| title_sort | challenges in emerging vaccines and future promising candidates against sars cov 2 variants |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9125398 |
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