Causal role of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

AIM: To elucidate causal pathways between oxidative biomarkers and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes. METHODS: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analytical protocol was implemented, which utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics derived from the IEU...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Li-Yun Yuan, Wang-Ming Su, Liang-Pin Li, Xiao-Feng Tian, Xue-Li Zheng, Xiao-Yong Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS) 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/7/20250714.pdf
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