Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care
Agricultural food waste and by-products could provide high-value compounds that positively affect human and environmental health, thus representing promising ingredients for cosmeceutical products. This study explores the biological activities of tomato skin (HP) and pomegranate peel (PPE) extracts...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/54 |
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| author | Alessia Silla Angela Punzo Francesca Bonvicini Matteo Perillo Marco Malaguti Antonello Lorenzini Ismaela Foltran Dario Mercatante Mara Mandrioli Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada Silvana Hrelia Cristiana Caliceti |
| author_facet | Alessia Silla Angela Punzo Francesca Bonvicini Matteo Perillo Marco Malaguti Antonello Lorenzini Ismaela Foltran Dario Mercatante Mara Mandrioli Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada Silvana Hrelia Cristiana Caliceti |
| author_sort | Alessia Silla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agricultural food waste and by-products could provide high-value compounds that positively affect human and environmental health, thus representing promising ingredients for cosmeceutical products. This study explores the biological activities of tomato skin (HP) and pomegranate peel (PPE) extracts on oral mucosa to evaluate their possible use in mouthwashes. The biological activities of the extracts and the mouthwash (MW) containing them were evaluated in Human Primary Gingival Epithelial cells (HGECs). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed in HGECs injured with lipopolysaccharides. After 24 h of treatment with PPE, HP, and MW, significant antioxidant activity and an increased Superoxide Dismutase 1 expression (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were observed. Additionally, the extracts significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting an anti-inflammatory role. Lastly, the antibacterial activity was assessed against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> by the broth microdilution method and agar cup diffusion test for the extracts and the mouthwash, respectively, demonstrating strong effectiveness against both oral streptococcus species. Results demonstrate the potential of HP and PPE in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and bacterial proliferation within oral mucosa, highlighting food waste up-cycling as a resource for human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af5c31e76b194b1ca2b5dd6e12a8f805 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-af5c31e76b194b1ca2b5dd6e12a8f8052025-01-24T13:19:19ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011415410.3390/antiox14010054Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health CareAlessia Silla0Angela Punzo1Francesca Bonvicini2Matteo Perillo3Marco Malaguti4Antonello Lorenzini5Ismaela Foltran6Dario Mercatante7Mara Mandrioli8Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada9Silvana Hrelia10Cristiana Caliceti11Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyIncos-Cosmeceutica Industriale, Funo di Argelato, 40050 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyAgricultural food waste and by-products could provide high-value compounds that positively affect human and environmental health, thus representing promising ingredients for cosmeceutical products. This study explores the biological activities of tomato skin (HP) and pomegranate peel (PPE) extracts on oral mucosa to evaluate their possible use in mouthwashes. The biological activities of the extracts and the mouthwash (MW) containing them were evaluated in Human Primary Gingival Epithelial cells (HGECs). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed in HGECs injured with lipopolysaccharides. After 24 h of treatment with PPE, HP, and MW, significant antioxidant activity and an increased Superoxide Dismutase 1 expression (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were observed. Additionally, the extracts significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting an anti-inflammatory role. Lastly, the antibacterial activity was assessed against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> by the broth microdilution method and agar cup diffusion test for the extracts and the mouthwash, respectively, demonstrating strong effectiveness against both oral streptococcus species. Results demonstrate the potential of HP and PPE in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and bacterial proliferation within oral mucosa, highlighting food waste up-cycling as a resource for human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/54pomegranate peeltomato skinmouthwashantioxidant activityanti-inflammatory activityantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Alessia Silla Angela Punzo Francesca Bonvicini Matteo Perillo Marco Malaguti Antonello Lorenzini Ismaela Foltran Dario Mercatante Mara Mandrioli Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada Silvana Hrelia Cristiana Caliceti Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care Antioxidants pomegranate peel tomato skin mouthwash antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity antibacterial activity |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory antioxidant and antibacterial properties of tomato skin and pomegranate peel extracts a sustainable approach for oral health care |
| topic | pomegranate peel tomato skin mouthwash antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/54 |
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