Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5
Coffee cherry pulp (CCP), a coffee by-product rich in pectin and phenolic compounds, serves as a valuable substrate for microbial enzyme production, improving the nutritional and antioxidant properties of poultry feed. This study evaluated the potential of <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i>...
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| author | Thanongsak Chaiyaso Kamon Yakul Wilasinee Jirarat Wanaporn Tapingkae Orranee Srinual Hien Van Doan Pornchai Rachtanapun |
| author_facet | Thanongsak Chaiyaso Kamon Yakul Wilasinee Jirarat Wanaporn Tapingkae Orranee Srinual Hien Van Doan Pornchai Rachtanapun |
| author_sort | Thanongsak Chaiyaso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coffee cherry pulp (CCP), a coffee by-product rich in pectin and phenolic compounds, serves as a valuable substrate for microbial enzyme production, improving the nutritional and antioxidant properties of poultry feed. This study evaluated the potential of <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 to produce pectin-degrading enzymes using CCP. Under unoptimized conditions, the pectin lyase (PL) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were 3.29 ± 0.22 and 6.32 ± 0.13 U/mL, respectively. Optimization using a central composite design (CCD) identified optimal conditions at 16.81% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CCP, 5.87% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) inoculum size, pH 5.24, and 30 °C for 48 h, resulting in PL and PG activities of 9.17 ± 0.20 and 15.78 ± 0.14 U/mL, representing increases of 178.7% and 149.7% over unoptimized conditions. Fermented CCP was further evaluated using an in vitro chicken gastrointestinal digestion model. Peptide release increased by 66.2% compared with unfermented CCP. Antioxidant capacity also improved, with significant increases observed in DPPH (32.4%), ABTS (45.0%), and FRAP (42.3%) assays, along with an 11.1% increase in total phenolic content. These results demonstrate that CCP bioconversion by <i>K. marxianus</i> ST5 enhances digestibility and antioxidant properties, supporting its potential as a sustainable poultry feed additive and contributing to the valorization of agro-industrial waste. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-add8b9f7af034ef4b5ff1409fabacb8f2025-08-20T03:36:34ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-08-011515231110.3390/ani15152311Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5Thanongsak Chaiyaso0Kamon Yakul1Wilasinee Jirarat2Wanaporn Tapingkae3Orranee Srinual4Hien Van Doan5Pornchai Rachtanapun6Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandDivision of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandDivision of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, 155 Moo 2, Mae Hia, Muang, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandCoffee cherry pulp (CCP), a coffee by-product rich in pectin and phenolic compounds, serves as a valuable substrate for microbial enzyme production, improving the nutritional and antioxidant properties of poultry feed. This study evaluated the potential of <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 to produce pectin-degrading enzymes using CCP. Under unoptimized conditions, the pectin lyase (PL) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were 3.29 ± 0.22 and 6.32 ± 0.13 U/mL, respectively. Optimization using a central composite design (CCD) identified optimal conditions at 16.81% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CCP, 5.87% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) inoculum size, pH 5.24, and 30 °C for 48 h, resulting in PL and PG activities of 9.17 ± 0.20 and 15.78 ± 0.14 U/mL, representing increases of 178.7% and 149.7% over unoptimized conditions. Fermented CCP was further evaluated using an in vitro chicken gastrointestinal digestion model. Peptide release increased by 66.2% compared with unfermented CCP. Antioxidant capacity also improved, with significant increases observed in DPPH (32.4%), ABTS (45.0%), and FRAP (42.3%) assays, along with an 11.1% increase in total phenolic content. These results demonstrate that CCP bioconversion by <i>K. marxianus</i> ST5 enhances digestibility and antioxidant properties, supporting its potential as a sustainable poultry feed additive and contributing to the valorization of agro-industrial waste.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2311coffee cherry pulp<i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5antioxidantin vitro digestionbioaccessibility |
| spellingShingle | Thanongsak Chaiyaso Kamon Yakul Wilasinee Jirarat Wanaporn Tapingkae Orranee Srinual Hien Van Doan Pornchai Rachtanapun Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 Animals coffee cherry pulp <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 antioxidant in vitro digestion bioaccessibility |
| title | Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 |
| title_full | Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 |
| title_short | Valorization of Coffee Cherry Pulp into Potential Functional Poultry Feed Additives by Pectinolytic Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 |
| title_sort | valorization of coffee cherry pulp into potential functional poultry feed additives by pectinolytic yeast i kluyveromyces marxianus i st5 |
| topic | coffee cherry pulp <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> ST5 antioxidant in vitro digestion bioaccessibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2311 |
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