Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes
Abstract The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from...
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2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00057-z |
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| author | Jian-Wei Liu Zai-Wei Ge Egon Horak Alfredo Vizzini Roy E. Halling Chun-Lei Pan Zhu L. Yang |
| author_facet | Jian-Wei Liu Zai-Wei Ge Egon Horak Alfredo Vizzini Roy E. Halling Chun-Lei Pan Zhu L. Yang |
| author_sort | Jian-Wei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus Squamanita, S. schreieri, and several additional species of the family, the phylogeny is reinvestigated with a concatenated (18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset. This study reveals that Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Squamanita, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota are a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in Bayesian analysis and form Squamanitaceae. Phaeolepiota nested within Cystoderma; Squamanita, Leucopholiota, and Floccularia clustered together as two monophyletic subclades; and Squamanita was present as a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The family name Squamanitaceae is formally emended and a detailed taxonomic treatment is presented to accommodate the five genera. Meanwhile, another concatenated (18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset is used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Squamanita. Our data indicates that “S. umbonata” from the Northern hemisphere forms two species complexes, one complex includes six specimens from North America, Europe, and East Asia, the other includes two specimens from Central America and North America respectively. Futhermore, species of Squamanita can parasitize species of Amanita, besides other fungal species. Squamanita mira parasitizes A. kitamagotake (A. sect. Caesareae), while S. orientalis and S. sororcula are parasites of species belonging to the A. sepiacea complex (A. sect. Validae). “Squamanita umbonata” from Italy occurs on A. excelsa (A. sect. Validae). Three new species of Squamanita from East Asia, viz. S. mira, S. orientalis and S. sororcula are documented with morphological, multi-gene phylogenetic, and ecological data, along with line drawings and photographs, and compared with similar species. A key for identification of the global Squamanita species is provided. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ac8d12c0e98c4263b77a95186c9d4879 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2210-6359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ac8d12c0e98c4263b77a95186c9d48792025-02-02T19:42:30ZengBMCIMA Fungus2210-63592021-03-0112112410.1186/s43008-021-00057-zSquamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomesJian-Wei Liu0Zai-Wei Ge1Egon HorakAlfredo Vizzini2Roy E. Halling3Chun-Lei Pan4Zhu L. Yang5Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin)Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical GardenMudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus Squamanita, S. schreieri, and several additional species of the family, the phylogeny is reinvestigated with a concatenated (18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset. This study reveals that Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Squamanita, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota are a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in Bayesian analysis and form Squamanitaceae. Phaeolepiota nested within Cystoderma; Squamanita, Leucopholiota, and Floccularia clustered together as two monophyletic subclades; and Squamanita was present as a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The family name Squamanitaceae is formally emended and a detailed taxonomic treatment is presented to accommodate the five genera. Meanwhile, another concatenated (18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset is used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Squamanita. Our data indicates that “S. umbonata” from the Northern hemisphere forms two species complexes, one complex includes six specimens from North America, Europe, and East Asia, the other includes two specimens from Central America and North America respectively. Futhermore, species of Squamanita can parasitize species of Amanita, besides other fungal species. Squamanita mira parasitizes A. kitamagotake (A. sect. Caesareae), while S. orientalis and S. sororcula are parasites of species belonging to the A. sepiacea complex (A. sect. Validae). “Squamanita umbonata” from Italy occurs on A. excelsa (A. sect. Validae). Three new species of Squamanita from East Asia, viz. S. mira, S. orientalis and S. sororcula are documented with morphological, multi-gene phylogenetic, and ecological data, along with line drawings and photographs, and compared with similar species. A key for identification of the global Squamanita species is provided.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00057-zAmanitaMycoparasitic fungiSquamanitaHost preferenceThree new taxa |
| spellingShingle | Jian-Wei Liu Zai-Wei Ge Egon Horak Alfredo Vizzini Roy E. Halling Chun-Lei Pan Zhu L. Yang Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes IMA Fungus Amanita Mycoparasitic fungi Squamanita Host preference Three new taxa |
| title | Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes |
| title_full | Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes |
| title_fullStr | Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes |
| title_short | Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes |
| title_sort | squamanitaceae and three new species of squamanita parasitic on amanita basidiomes |
| topic | Amanita Mycoparasitic fungi Squamanita Host preference Three new taxa |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00057-z |
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