Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications
The prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may be macrovascular: such as stroke and ischemic heart disease as well as peripheral vascular and microvascular diseases—ret...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5205126 |
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| author | Alina Mihaela Leustean Manuela Ciocoiu Anca Sava Claudia Florida Costea Mariana Floria Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu Daniela Maria Tanase |
| author_facet | Alina Mihaela Leustean Manuela Ciocoiu Anca Sava Claudia Florida Costea Mariana Floria Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu Daniela Maria Tanase |
| author_sort | Alina Mihaela Leustean |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may be macrovascular: such as stroke and ischemic heart disease as well as peripheral vascular and microvascular diseases—retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Key factors that cause cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased vascular response capacity. Microbes can be considered a complex endocrine system capable of ensuring the proper functioning of the body but are also responsible for the development of numerous pathologies (diabetes, coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease, neoplasia, Alzheimer’s disease, and hepatic steatosis). Changes in the intestinal microbiota may influence the host’s sensitivity to insulin, body weight, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Dysbiosis causes activation of proinflammatory mechanisms, metabolic toxicity, and insulin resistance. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial organic compound generated by the large intestine, and its concentration increases in the blood after ingestion of foods rich in L-carnitine and choline, such as red meat, eggs, and fish. The interest for TMAO in cardiometabolic research has recently emerged, given the preclinical evidence that reveals a link between TMAO, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. Intestinal microbiota can be modulated by changing one’s lifestyle but also by antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, and fecal transplantation. The purpose of this article is to highlight issues related to the involvement of microbiota and trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Better appreciation of the interactions between food intake and intestinal floral-mediated metabolism can provide clinical insights into the definition of individuals with diabetic risk and cardiometabolic disease as well as potential therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of progression of the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aba3953c6dda4bb99044474858acf99b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-6745 2314-6753 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-aba3953c6dda4bb99044474858acf99b2025-02-03T01:27:12ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532018-01-01201810.1155/2018/52051265205126Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular ComplicationsAlina Mihaela Leustean0Manuela Ciocoiu1Anca Sava2Claudia Florida Costea3Mariana Floria4Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu5Daniela Maria Tanase6Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, RomaniaThe prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may be macrovascular: such as stroke and ischemic heart disease as well as peripheral vascular and microvascular diseases—retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Key factors that cause cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased vascular response capacity. Microbes can be considered a complex endocrine system capable of ensuring the proper functioning of the body but are also responsible for the development of numerous pathologies (diabetes, coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease, neoplasia, Alzheimer’s disease, and hepatic steatosis). Changes in the intestinal microbiota may influence the host’s sensitivity to insulin, body weight, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Dysbiosis causes activation of proinflammatory mechanisms, metabolic toxicity, and insulin resistance. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial organic compound generated by the large intestine, and its concentration increases in the blood after ingestion of foods rich in L-carnitine and choline, such as red meat, eggs, and fish. The interest for TMAO in cardiometabolic research has recently emerged, given the preclinical evidence that reveals a link between TMAO, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. Intestinal microbiota can be modulated by changing one’s lifestyle but also by antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, and fecal transplantation. The purpose of this article is to highlight issues related to the involvement of microbiota and trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Better appreciation of the interactions between food intake and intestinal floral-mediated metabolism can provide clinical insights into the definition of individuals with diabetic risk and cardiometabolic disease as well as potential therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of progression of the disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5205126 |
| spellingShingle | Alina Mihaela Leustean Manuela Ciocoiu Anca Sava Claudia Florida Costea Mariana Floria Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu Daniela Maria Tanase Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications Journal of Diabetes Research |
| title | Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications |
| title_full | Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications |
| title_fullStr | Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications |
| title_short | Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications |
| title_sort | implications of the intestinal microbiota in diagnosing the progression of diabetes and the presence of cardiovascular complications |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5205126 |
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