Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization
<b>Background:</b> Machine learning is used to analyze images by training algorithms on data to recognize patterns and identify objects, with applications in various fields, such as medicine, security, and automation. Meanwhile, histological cross-sections, whether longitudinal or transv...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/208 |
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| author | Lucio Assis Araujo Neto Alessandra Maia Freire Luciano Paulino Silva |
| author_facet | Lucio Assis Araujo Neto Alessandra Maia Freire Luciano Paulino Silva |
| author_sort | Lucio Assis Araujo Neto |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> Machine learning is used to analyze images by training algorithms on data to recognize patterns and identify objects, with applications in various fields, such as medicine, security, and automation. Meanwhile, histological cross-sections, whether longitudinal or transverse, expose layers of tissues or tissue mimetics, which provide crucial information for microscopic analysis. <b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to employ the Google platform “Teachable Machine” to apply artificial intelligence (AI) in the interpretation of histological cross-section images of hydrogel filaments. <b>Methods</b>: The production of 3D hydrogel filaments involved different combinations of sodium alginate and gelatin polymers, as well as a cross-linking agent, and subsequent stretching until rupture using an extensometer. Cross-sections of stretched and unstretched filaments were created and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Using the Teachable Machine platform, images were grouped and trained for subsequent prediction. <b>Results</b>: Over six hundred histological cross-section images were obtained and stored in a virtual database. Each hydrogel combination exhibited variations in coloration, and some morphological structures remained consistent. The AI efficiently identified and differentiated images of stretched and unstretched filaments. However, some confusion arose when distinguishing among variations in hydrogel combinations. <b>Conclusions</b>: Therefore, the image prediction tool for biopolymeric hydrogel histological cross-sections using Teachable Machine proved to be an efficient strategy for distinguishing stretched from unstretched filaments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aa97ef24639f4eb8b0bb3be4988f7093 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-aa97ef24639f4eb8b0bb3be4988f70932025-01-24T13:24:24ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113120810.3390/biomedicines13010208Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament CharacterizationLucio Assis Araujo Neto0Alessandra Maia Freire1Luciano Paulino Silva2Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology (LNANO), Brasília 70770-917, DF, BrazilEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology (LNANO), Brasília 70770-917, DF, BrazilEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology (LNANO), Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil<b>Background:</b> Machine learning is used to analyze images by training algorithms on data to recognize patterns and identify objects, with applications in various fields, such as medicine, security, and automation. Meanwhile, histological cross-sections, whether longitudinal or transverse, expose layers of tissues or tissue mimetics, which provide crucial information for microscopic analysis. <b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to employ the Google platform “Teachable Machine” to apply artificial intelligence (AI) in the interpretation of histological cross-section images of hydrogel filaments. <b>Methods</b>: The production of 3D hydrogel filaments involved different combinations of sodium alginate and gelatin polymers, as well as a cross-linking agent, and subsequent stretching until rupture using an extensometer. Cross-sections of stretched and unstretched filaments were created and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Using the Teachable Machine platform, images were grouped and trained for subsequent prediction. <b>Results</b>: Over six hundred histological cross-section images were obtained and stored in a virtual database. Each hydrogel combination exhibited variations in coloration, and some morphological structures remained consistent. The AI efficiently identified and differentiated images of stretched and unstretched filaments. However, some confusion arose when distinguishing among variations in hydrogel combinations. <b>Conclusions</b>: Therefore, the image prediction tool for biopolymeric hydrogel histological cross-sections using Teachable Machine proved to be an efficient strategy for distinguishing stretched from unstretched filaments.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/208Teachable Machinemachine learningartificial intelligenceconfusion matrixhydrogel |
| spellingShingle | Lucio Assis Araujo Neto Alessandra Maia Freire Luciano Paulino Silva Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization Biomedicines Teachable Machine machine learning artificial intelligence confusion matrix hydrogel |
| title | Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization |
| title_full | Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization |
| title_short | Advancing Hydrogel-Based 3D Cell Culture Systems: Histological Image Analysis and AI-Driven Filament Characterization |
| title_sort | advancing hydrogel based 3d cell culture systems histological image analysis and ai driven filament characterization |
| topic | Teachable Machine machine learning artificial intelligence confusion matrix hydrogel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/208 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucioassisaraujoneto advancinghydrogelbased3dcellculturesystemshistologicalimageanalysisandaidrivenfilamentcharacterization AT alessandramaiafreire advancinghydrogelbased3dcellculturesystemshistologicalimageanalysisandaidrivenfilamentcharacterization AT lucianopaulinosilva advancinghydrogelbased3dcellculturesystemshistologicalimageanalysisandaidrivenfilamentcharacterization |