Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
This study addressed the escalating demand for aquatic feed by exploring the potential of alfalfa nutrient concentrate (ANC) as feed ingredient for rainbow trout. Test diets contained varying ANC levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to replace fishmeal (32% in the 0% ANC diet) to achieve equal digesti...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654524001525 |
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| author | Hu Chen Patrick C. Blaufuss Dong-Fang Deng Fabio Casu Emma K. Kraco Brian Shepherd Wendy M. Sealey Aaron M. Watson Matthew F. Digman Deborah A. Samac |
| author_facet | Hu Chen Patrick C. Blaufuss Dong-Fang Deng Fabio Casu Emma K. Kraco Brian Shepherd Wendy M. Sealey Aaron M. Watson Matthew F. Digman Deborah A. Samac |
| author_sort | Hu Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study addressed the escalating demand for aquatic feed by exploring the potential of alfalfa nutrient concentrate (ANC) as feed ingredient for rainbow trout. Test diets contained varying ANC levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to replace fishmeal (32% in the 0% ANC diet) to achieve equal digestible protein and were processed using a cooking extrusion method. Analysis of feed pellets showed that pellet density increased with ANC levels (P < 0.001), resulting in sinking pellets at 20% ANC. Water stability and durability were improved while oil leakage decreased with increasing ANC levels (P < 0.05). Two feeding trials were conducted to test the diets in flow-through water systems with three replicates per diet. The first 10-week trial evaluated their impact on feeding, fecal physical quality, and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dietary nutrients in rainbow trout (initial body weight 18.0 ± 0.2 g). ANC inclusion did not impact the palatability and satiety feed intake of the fish (P > 0.05). However, the ADC of dry matter and phosphorus significantly decreased in fish fed the 20% ANC diet (P < 0.05). The second 9-week trial investigated the growth performance, nutrition quality, and metabolism of rainbow trout (initial body weight 19.0 ± 0.2 g). While all fish exhibited substantial growth, fish fed diets with 10% to 20% ANC displayed lower specific growth rate and higher feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with 0% or 5% ANC (P < 0.05). The whole body protein content was higher in fish fed 5% ANC compared to all other treatments (P = 0.030). The biochemical parameters of plasma were similar across treatments, except for a decrease in plasma phosphorus levels in fish fed a 10% ANC diet compared to those fed a 0% ANC diet (P = 0.033). Significant changes were observed in liver metabolism including tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid and energy metabolism pathways in fish fed the 20% ANC diet versus the 0% ANC diet (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that ANC inclusion improved pellet physical quality without impairing feeding behavior and nutritional quality of the fish but inclusion ≥10% in the diet reduced fish growth. This study offers the first comprehensive assessment of the potential of ANC used in fish feed involving feed management, feeding evaluation, and the biological response. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a913ce61ca2c4235acff743697628e11 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-a913ce61ca2c4235acff743697628e112025-02-06T05:12:28ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452025-03-0120249262Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykissHu Chen0Patrick C. Blaufuss1Dong-Fang Deng2Fabio Casu3Emma K. Kraco4Brian Shepherd5Wendy M. Sealey6Aaron M. Watson7Matthew F. Digman8Deborah A. Samac9School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USASchool of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USASchool of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA; Corresponding author.National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, SC 29412, USA; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC 29412, USAUSDA/ARS/University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USAUSDA/ARS/University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USAUSDA/ARS Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USASouth Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC 29412, USABiological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAUSDA/ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USAThis study addressed the escalating demand for aquatic feed by exploring the potential of alfalfa nutrient concentrate (ANC) as feed ingredient for rainbow trout. Test diets contained varying ANC levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to replace fishmeal (32% in the 0% ANC diet) to achieve equal digestible protein and were processed using a cooking extrusion method. Analysis of feed pellets showed that pellet density increased with ANC levels (P < 0.001), resulting in sinking pellets at 20% ANC. Water stability and durability were improved while oil leakage decreased with increasing ANC levels (P < 0.05). Two feeding trials were conducted to test the diets in flow-through water systems with three replicates per diet. The first 10-week trial evaluated their impact on feeding, fecal physical quality, and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dietary nutrients in rainbow trout (initial body weight 18.0 ± 0.2 g). ANC inclusion did not impact the palatability and satiety feed intake of the fish (P > 0.05). However, the ADC of dry matter and phosphorus significantly decreased in fish fed the 20% ANC diet (P < 0.05). The second 9-week trial investigated the growth performance, nutrition quality, and metabolism of rainbow trout (initial body weight 19.0 ± 0.2 g). While all fish exhibited substantial growth, fish fed diets with 10% to 20% ANC displayed lower specific growth rate and higher feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with 0% or 5% ANC (P < 0.05). The whole body protein content was higher in fish fed 5% ANC compared to all other treatments (P = 0.030). The biochemical parameters of plasma were similar across treatments, except for a decrease in plasma phosphorus levels in fish fed a 10% ANC diet compared to those fed a 0% ANC diet (P = 0.033). Significant changes were observed in liver metabolism including tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid and energy metabolism pathways in fish fed the 20% ANC diet versus the 0% ANC diet (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that ANC inclusion improved pellet physical quality without impairing feeding behavior and nutritional quality of the fish but inclusion ≥10% in the diet reduced fish growth. This study offers the first comprehensive assessment of the potential of ANC used in fish feed involving feed management, feeding evaluation, and the biological response.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654524001525AlfalfaAlternative ingredientPellet physical qualityNutrient metabolismRainbow trout |
| spellingShingle | Hu Chen Patrick C. Blaufuss Dong-Fang Deng Fabio Casu Emma K. Kraco Brian Shepherd Wendy M. Sealey Aaron M. Watson Matthew F. Digman Deborah A. Samac Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Animal Nutrition Alfalfa Alternative ingredient Pellet physical quality Nutrient metabolism Rainbow trout |
| title | Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| title_full | Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| title_short | Impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes, growth performance, metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss |
| title_sort | impacts of alfalfa nutrient concentrate on pellet physical attributes growth performance metabolism and nutritional quality of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss |
| topic | Alfalfa Alternative ingredient Pellet physical quality Nutrient metabolism Rainbow trout |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654524001525 |
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