Growing up in poverty, growing old in frailty: the life course shaping of health in the United States, England and Europe—a prospective and retrospective study

Abstract Childhood poverty is directly associated with many health outcomes in late life irrespective of youth health and of health system variation. The childhood poor in the United States (U.S.), England and Europe have reported worse cognitive, muscle and mental functions in their fifties to nine...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gindo Tampubolon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99929-2
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