Global burden of peripheral arterial disease (1990–2021), global burden trends and the impact of blood lead on peripheral arterial disease: a multidimensional analysis based on NHANES, GBD, and Mendelian randomization

Abstract Objective Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cardiovascular disease that it is an important reason for the decline of patients’ quality of life and the increase of family economic burden. To systematically evaluate the association between environmental lead exposure and periphera...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Congzhi Yan, Jiahao Chen, Xinbing Xu, Hua Wei, Jinjiao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06408-3
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