The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both sexes worldwide. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a form of neuroendocrine tumor, which is classified into limited and extensive-stage disease and shows excellent initial response to chemotherapy; however, almost all patients relapse later. During...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Respiratory Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6860432 |
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| author | Ioanna Tsiouprou Athanasios Zaharias Dionisios Spyratos |
| author_facet | Ioanna Tsiouprou Athanasios Zaharias Dionisios Spyratos |
| author_sort | Ioanna Tsiouprou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both sexes worldwide. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a form of neuroendocrine tumor, which is classified into limited and extensive-stage disease and shows excellent initial response to chemotherapy; however, almost all patients relapse later. During the past few years, several clinical trials have evaluated the effect of addition of immunotherapy to conventional chemotherapy in patients with extensive SCLC. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently under investigation, especially the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Nowadays, evidence show a statistically significant survival benefit of adding atezolizumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting against PD-L1, to platinum-based chemotherapy plus etoposide in patients who have not received any previous systemic therapy. Furthermore, the role of nivolumab, an IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, is significant for the treatment of relapsed SCLC cases. Recently, pembrolizumab was the first immunotherapeutic agent to be approved by the FDA for patients with metastatic SCLC with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other prior line of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, prognostic biomarkers to immunotherapy response remain to be discovered. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a77f1b8b3c1c452dad973feab677982f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1198-2241 1916-7245 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Respiratory Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-a77f1b8b3c1c452dad973feab677982f2025-02-03T01:01:41ZengWileyCanadian Respiratory Journal1198-22411916-72452019-01-01201910.1155/2019/68604326860432The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the LiteratureIoanna Tsiouprou0Athanasios Zaharias1Dionisios Spyratos2Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessalloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki 57010, GreecePulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessalloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki 57010, GreecePulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessalloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki 57010, GreeceLung cancer is the second most common cancer in both sexes worldwide. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a form of neuroendocrine tumor, which is classified into limited and extensive-stage disease and shows excellent initial response to chemotherapy; however, almost all patients relapse later. During the past few years, several clinical trials have evaluated the effect of addition of immunotherapy to conventional chemotherapy in patients with extensive SCLC. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently under investigation, especially the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Nowadays, evidence show a statistically significant survival benefit of adding atezolizumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting against PD-L1, to platinum-based chemotherapy plus etoposide in patients who have not received any previous systemic therapy. Furthermore, the role of nivolumab, an IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, is significant for the treatment of relapsed SCLC cases. Recently, pembrolizumab was the first immunotherapeutic agent to be approved by the FDA for patients with metastatic SCLC with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other prior line of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, prognostic biomarkers to immunotherapy response remain to be discovered.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6860432 |
| spellingShingle | Ioanna Tsiouprou Athanasios Zaharias Dionisios Spyratos The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature Canadian Respiratory Journal |
| title | The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full | The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature |
| title_short | The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | role of immunotherapy in extensive stage small cell lung cancer a review of the literature |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6860432 |
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