Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate
The current rise in temperatures is hastening grape ripening, resulting in unbalanced wines with high alcohol content but poor colour, aroma and phenolic composition. Late-season canopy manipulation practices aimed at reducing the size of the photosynthetic apparatus after veraison have been shown...
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International Viticulture and Enology Society
2025-01-01
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| Series: | OENO One |
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| Online Access: | https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/8232 |
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| author | Luca Pallotti Guadalupe Partida Eve Laroche-Pinel Vania Lanari Miguel Pedroza Luca Brillante |
| author_facet | Luca Pallotti Guadalupe Partida Eve Laroche-Pinel Vania Lanari Miguel Pedroza Luca Brillante |
| author_sort | Luca Pallotti |
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The current rise in temperatures is hastening grape ripening, resulting in unbalanced wines with high alcohol content but poor colour, aroma and phenolic composition. Late-season canopy manipulation practices aimed at reducing the size of the photosynthetic apparatus after veraison have been shown to delay ripening in cooler climates. However, these methods have not directly been compared in regions with high irradiance and temperature, where berry composition is negatively affected by late fruit exposure.
In this two-year Cabernet-Sauvignon trial, we compared the application of pinolene (P) to late shoot topping (T) and late above-bunch zone leaf removal (LR), all performed during the late stages of ripening, with an untreated control (C). Vine water status was monitored weekly from the time of treatment application until harvest. Gas exchange was monitored only in 2021, from treatment application through to harvest. Berry samples were collected to measure berry weight, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and the anthocyanin profile. At harvest, we assessed yield components, rated sun damage on clusters, and produced experimental wines. Wine colour and chemical characteristics were evaluated.
The application of P scarcely improved gas exchange and stem water potential. Conversely, LR and T increased water potential but did not affect leaf gas exchange. T was the only treatment that significantly decreased sugar accumulation, followed by P, which showed some effect although not significant. Grape yield was not altered, despite the use of P resulted in a lower berry weight in 2022. Canopy manipulation increased lighting conditions in the canopy and caused a significant presence of damaged fruits, especially in LR. Berry anthocyanins were not affected, but LR resulted in a lower concentration of total anthocyanins in the wine and altered the anthocyanin profile. P increased wine acidity, while LR and T improved wine colour.
This study suggests that late-season canopy management can effectively control ripening speeds and improve the composition of grapes and wines. However, it is essential to avoid grape overexposure by employing the appropriate techniques to ensure grape quality is not compromised.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a253e94843a7492ea1873e52c1e20aeb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2494-1271 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | International Viticulture and Enology Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | OENO One |
| spelling | doaj-art-a253e94843a7492ea1873e52c1e20aeb2025-01-29T11:10:44ZengInternational Viticulture and Enology SocietyOENO One2494-12712025-01-0159110.20870/oeno-one.2025.59.1.8232Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climateLuca Pallotti0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-1952Guadalupe Partida1Eve Laroche-Pinel2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-7283Vania Lanari3Miguel Pedroza4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-6699Luca Brillante5California State University, Department of Viticulture & Enology, 2360 E Barstow Ave, Fresno, 93740, CA, USA. / Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italia.California State University, Department of Viticulture & Enology, 2360 E Barstow Ave, Fresno, 93740, CA, USA.California State University, Department of Viticulture & Enology, 2360 E Barstow Ave, Fresno, 93740, CA, USA.Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italia.California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Department of Wine and Viticulture, 1 Grand Ave. San Luis Obispo CA, USA.California State University, Department of Viticulture & Enology, 2360 E Barstow Ave, Fresno, 93740, CA, USA. The current rise in temperatures is hastening grape ripening, resulting in unbalanced wines with high alcohol content but poor colour, aroma and phenolic composition. Late-season canopy manipulation practices aimed at reducing the size of the photosynthetic apparatus after veraison have been shown to delay ripening in cooler climates. However, these methods have not directly been compared in regions with high irradiance and temperature, where berry composition is negatively affected by late fruit exposure. In this two-year Cabernet-Sauvignon trial, we compared the application of pinolene (P) to late shoot topping (T) and late above-bunch zone leaf removal (LR), all performed during the late stages of ripening, with an untreated control (C). Vine water status was monitored weekly from the time of treatment application until harvest. Gas exchange was monitored only in 2021, from treatment application through to harvest. Berry samples were collected to measure berry weight, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and the anthocyanin profile. At harvest, we assessed yield components, rated sun damage on clusters, and produced experimental wines. Wine colour and chemical characteristics were evaluated. The application of P scarcely improved gas exchange and stem water potential. Conversely, LR and T increased water potential but did not affect leaf gas exchange. T was the only treatment that significantly decreased sugar accumulation, followed by P, which showed some effect although not significant. Grape yield was not altered, despite the use of P resulted in a lower berry weight in 2022. Canopy manipulation increased lighting conditions in the canopy and caused a significant presence of damaged fruits, especially in LR. Berry anthocyanins were not affected, but LR resulted in a lower concentration of total anthocyanins in the wine and altered the anthocyanin profile. P increased wine acidity, while LR and T improved wine colour. This study suggests that late-season canopy management can effectively control ripening speeds and improve the composition of grapes and wines. However, it is essential to avoid grape overexposure by employing the appropriate techniques to ensure grape quality is not compromised. https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/8232climate changecanopy managementantitranspirantssunburnanthocyanins |
| spellingShingle | Luca Pallotti Guadalupe Partida Eve Laroche-Pinel Vania Lanari Miguel Pedroza Luca Brillante Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate OENO One climate change canopy management antitranspirants sunburn anthocyanins |
| title | Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| title_full | Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| title_fullStr | Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| title_short | Late-season source limitation practices to cope with climate change: delaying ripening and improving colour of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| title_sort | late season source limitation practices to cope with climate change delaying ripening and improving colour of cabernet sauvignon grapes and wine in a hot and arid climate |
| topic | climate change canopy management antitranspirants sunburn anthocyanins |
| url | https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/8232 |
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