Unveiling the signal valve specifically tuning the TGF-β1 suppression of osteogenesis: mediation through a SMAD1-SMAD2 complex

Abstract Background TGF-β1 is the most abundant cytokine in bone, in which it serves as a vital factor to interdict adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, how TGF-β1 concurrently manipulates differentiation into these two distinct lineages rem...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ying-Wen Wang, Ching-Wei Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:Cell Communication and Signaling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02051-z
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