Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer, and its global incidence has increased in recent years. Radical surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy have traditionally been the standard treatment options. However, the complexity of cholangiocarcinoma subtypes often present...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1482291/full |
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