Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the precursors of ozone and fine particulate matter, are one of the atmospheric pollutants harmful to human health. The emission characteristics of VOCs in Anyang, a typical industrial city in the Central Plains of China, are unclear. To determine the emission leve...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/74 |
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| author | Fengwei Liu Lei Tong Qingyue Luo Yufei Ling Hongyi Gu Yangchao Lv Anwei Shi Hui Liu Hang Xiao Cenyan Huang |
| author_facet | Fengwei Liu Lei Tong Qingyue Luo Yufei Ling Hongyi Gu Yangchao Lv Anwei Shi Hui Liu Hang Xiao Cenyan Huang |
| author_sort | Fengwei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the precursors of ozone and fine particulate matter, are one of the atmospheric pollutants harmful to human health. The emission characteristics of VOCs in Anyang, a typical industrial city in the Central Plains of China, are unclear. To determine the emission level and composition of local VOCs, this study conducted on-site sampling of 20 factories in eight key industries. A total of 105 VOC species in seven categories were observed. The concentration of total VOCs emitted from the eight industries in order from large to small was as follows: packaging and printing > pharmaceutical > paint manufacturing > industrial coating > chemical industry > metal smelting > furniture manufacturing > textile printing and dyeing. In addition to industrial coating, the total VOCs and their corresponding ozone formation potential of organized emissions in seven industries (1.44–87.64, 1.52–181.61 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) were higher than those of unorganized emissions (0.38–24.17, 0.38–125.55 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). The VOC emissions were concentrated in the central, south-central, and south-eastern parts of the city, mainly from the factories in the packaging and printing, pharmaceutical, paint, and coating industries. The furniture manufacturing (4.55 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) and pharmaceutical (1.66 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) industries in organized emissions were at high risk of carcinogenesis, while the pharmaceutical industry in unorganized emissions (3.61 × 10<sup>−4</sup>) was at moderate risk of carcinogenesis. Naphthalene was the main high-risk compound. In terms of non-carcinogenic risk, the packaging and printing industry in organized emissions (228.51) and the metal smelting industry in unorganized emissions (16.16) had the highest risk, and the main high-risk compound was ethyl acetate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ee701d39a4b4599aba3394c3a96df02 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ee701d39a4b4599aba3394c3a96df022025-01-24T13:21:56ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-01-011617410.3390/atmos16010074Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of ChinaFengwei Liu0Lei Tong1Qingyue Luo2Yufei Ling3Hongyi Gu4Yangchao Lv5Anwei Shi6Hui Liu7Hang Xiao8Cenyan Huang9Zhejiang Provincial Top Discipline of Biological Engineering (Level A), College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Top Discipline of Biological Engineering (Level A), College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Top Discipline of Biological Engineering (Level A), College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaYindu Branch of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Anyang City, Anyang 455004, ChinaInner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Station, Hohhot 010090, ChinaNingbo Xinrui Zhice Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315800, ChinaNingxia Huayu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750004, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Top Discipline of Biological Engineering (Level A), College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaVolatile organic compounds (VOCs), the precursors of ozone and fine particulate matter, are one of the atmospheric pollutants harmful to human health. The emission characteristics of VOCs in Anyang, a typical industrial city in the Central Plains of China, are unclear. To determine the emission level and composition of local VOCs, this study conducted on-site sampling of 20 factories in eight key industries. A total of 105 VOC species in seven categories were observed. The concentration of total VOCs emitted from the eight industries in order from large to small was as follows: packaging and printing > pharmaceutical > paint manufacturing > industrial coating > chemical industry > metal smelting > furniture manufacturing > textile printing and dyeing. In addition to industrial coating, the total VOCs and their corresponding ozone formation potential of organized emissions in seven industries (1.44–87.64, 1.52–181.61 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) were higher than those of unorganized emissions (0.38–24.17, 0.38–125.55 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). The VOC emissions were concentrated in the central, south-central, and south-eastern parts of the city, mainly from the factories in the packaging and printing, pharmaceutical, paint, and coating industries. The furniture manufacturing (4.55 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) and pharmaceutical (1.66 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) industries in organized emissions were at high risk of carcinogenesis, while the pharmaceutical industry in unorganized emissions (3.61 × 10<sup>−4</sup>) was at moderate risk of carcinogenesis. Naphthalene was the main high-risk compound. In terms of non-carcinogenic risk, the packaging and printing industry in organized emissions (228.51) and the metal smelting industry in unorganized emissions (16.16) had the highest risk, and the main high-risk compound was ethyl acetate.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/74VOCsOFPorganized emissionunorganized emissionhealth risk |
| spellingShingle | Fengwei Liu Lei Tong Qingyue Luo Yufei Ling Hongyi Gu Yangchao Lv Anwei Shi Hui Liu Hang Xiao Cenyan Huang Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China Atmosphere VOCs OFP organized emission unorganized emission health risk |
| title | Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China |
| title_full | Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China |
| title_fullStr | Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China |
| title_short | Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China |
| title_sort | emission characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in key industries a case study in the central plains of china |
| topic | VOCs OFP organized emission unorganized emission health risk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/74 |
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