Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale
IntroductionThe Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a widely used instrument for assessing oral intake in dysphagic patients. Despite its frequent use, a validated version for the Polish population has been lacking.MethodsThis study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of FOIS (FOIS-PL) by exa...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1524335/full |
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| author | Magdalena Milewska Barbara Jamroz Mariusz Panczyk Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak Tomasz Czernicki Marta Dabrowska-Bender Marcin Folwarski Marcin Folwarski Dorota Szostak-Wegierek |
| author_facet | Magdalena Milewska Barbara Jamroz Mariusz Panczyk Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak Tomasz Czernicki Marta Dabrowska-Bender Marcin Folwarski Marcin Folwarski Dorota Szostak-Wegierek |
| author_sort | Magdalena Milewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a widely used instrument for assessing oral intake in dysphagic patients. Despite its frequent use, a validated version for the Polish population has been lacking.MethodsThis study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of FOIS (FOIS-PL) by examining its concordance with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) outcomes and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale (IDDSI-FDS) scores across patients with diverse clinical profiles. The primary outcome measures included the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score from FEES, pharyngeal residue quantification, and IDDSI-FDS scores. A total of 302 participants with varying clinical conditions were recruited. The cohort included individuals with head and neck malignancies, cerebrovascular incidents, neuromuscular disorders, and other dysphagia aetiologies.ResultsPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those post-thyroidectomy consistently exhibited oral food intake with a FOIS-PL score of ≥5. A strong inverse correlation was found between FOIS-PL scores and PAS scores (rho = −0.739; p < 0.001), indicating that reduced oral intake was associated with increased penetration or aspiration risk. Significant differences in FOIS-PL scores were evident across patient subgroups stratified by PAS severity (PAS ≤ 2, PAS 3–5, PAS > 5) and IDDSI levels. Lower FOIS-PL scores corresponded with more impaired swallowing safety (PAS > 5). The median FOISPL score was 5 for individuals with pharyngeal residue and 6 for those without (p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability between evaluations conducted by a dietitian (FOIS I) and a speech-language pathologist (FOIS II) demonstrated high consistency (tau = 0.995; p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations between FOIS-PL and IDDSI-FDS scores (FOIS I vs. IDDSI-FDS I: tau = 0.819; p < 0.001; FOIS II vs. IDDSI-FDS II: tau = 0.815; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-PL) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing oral intake in dysphagia. The findings demonstrate high accuracy, reliability, and validity, supporting its use across diverse clinical conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e510bcf8d694bff9c3a774549261cf4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e510bcf8d694bff9c3a774549261cf42025-02-05T05:17:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-02-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15243351524335Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet ScaleMagdalena Milewska0Barbara Jamroz1Mariusz Panczyk2Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak3Tomasz Czernicki4Marta Dabrowska-Bender5Marcin Folwarski6Marcin Folwarski7Dorota Szostak-Wegierek8Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, National Medical Institute of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, PolandHome Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandIntroductionThe Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a widely used instrument for assessing oral intake in dysphagic patients. Despite its frequent use, a validated version for the Polish population has been lacking.MethodsThis study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of FOIS (FOIS-PL) by examining its concordance with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) outcomes and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale (IDDSI-FDS) scores across patients with diverse clinical profiles. The primary outcome measures included the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score from FEES, pharyngeal residue quantification, and IDDSI-FDS scores. A total of 302 participants with varying clinical conditions were recruited. The cohort included individuals with head and neck malignancies, cerebrovascular incidents, neuromuscular disorders, and other dysphagia aetiologies.ResultsPatients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those post-thyroidectomy consistently exhibited oral food intake with a FOIS-PL score of ≥5. A strong inverse correlation was found between FOIS-PL scores and PAS scores (rho = −0.739; p < 0.001), indicating that reduced oral intake was associated with increased penetration or aspiration risk. Significant differences in FOIS-PL scores were evident across patient subgroups stratified by PAS severity (PAS ≤ 2, PAS 3–5, PAS > 5) and IDDSI levels. Lower FOIS-PL scores corresponded with more impaired swallowing safety (PAS > 5). The median FOISPL score was 5 for individuals with pharyngeal residue and 6 for those without (p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability between evaluations conducted by a dietitian (FOIS I) and a speech-language pathologist (FOIS II) demonstrated high consistency (tau = 0.995; p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations between FOIS-PL and IDDSI-FDS scores (FOIS I vs. IDDSI-FDS I: tau = 0.819; p < 0.001; FOIS II vs. IDDSI-FDS II: tau = 0.815; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-PL) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing oral intake in dysphagia. The findings demonstrate high accuracy, reliability, and validity, supporting its use across diverse clinical conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1524335/fulldysphagiadeglutitiondeglutition disordersfunctional oral intakevalidationfiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Milewska Barbara Jamroz Mariusz Panczyk Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak Tomasz Czernicki Marta Dabrowska-Bender Marcin Folwarski Marcin Folwarski Dorota Szostak-Wegierek Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale Frontiers in Nutrition dysphagia deglutition deglutition disorders functional oral intake validation fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing |
| title | Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale |
| title_full | Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale |
| title_fullStr | Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale |
| title_short | Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale |
| title_sort | validation of the polish version of the functional oral intake scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the international dysphagia diet standardization initiative functional diet scale |
| topic | dysphagia deglutition deglutition disorders functional oral intake validation fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1524335/full |
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