Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein
The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth fac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303 |
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| author | Ewa Grudzińska Sławomir Grzegorczyn Zenon P. Czuba |
| author_facet | Ewa Grudzińska Sławomir Grzegorczyn Zenon P. Czuba |
| author_sort | Ewa Grudzińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth factors (GFs) released by lymphocytes in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. In 34 patients exhibiting reflux in GSV, blood was derived from the cubital vein and from the incompetent saphenofemoral junction. In 12 healthy controls, blood was derived from the cubital vein. Lymphocyte culture with and without stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was performed. Eotaxin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 A and 1B (MIP-1A and MIP-1B), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 5 (IL-5), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in culture supernatants by a Bio-Plex assay. Higher concentrations of eotaxin and G-CSF were revealed in the incompetent GSV, compared with the concentrations in the patients’ upper limbs. The concentrations of MIP-1A and MIP-1B were higher in the CVD group while the concentration of VEGF was lower. In the stimulated cultures, the concentration of G-CSF proved higher in the incompetent GSV, as compared with the patients’ upper limbs. Between the groups, the concentration of eotaxin was higher in the CVD group, while the IL-5 and MCP-1 concentrations were lower. IL-8, IP-10, FGF, GM-CSF, and PDGF-BB did not reveal any significant differences in concentrations between the samples. These observations suggest that the concentrations of chemokines and GFs are different in the blood of CVD patients. The oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins may play a role in these changes. However, the role of cytokines in CVD requires further study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d1a668e97ca45cf8c5098d152b7bc1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d1a668e97ca45cf8c5098d152b7bc1b2025-02-03T01:23:57ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612019-01-01201910.1155/2019/70573037057303Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous VeinEwa Grudzińska0Sławomir Grzegorczyn1Zenon P. Czuba2School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, PolandSchool of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Biophysics, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, PolandSchool of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, PolandThe role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease (CVD) remains obscure. It has been postulated that oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins causes proinflammatory changes. Our earlier study confirmed this hypothesis. This study is aimed at assessing chemokines and growth factors (GFs) released by lymphocytes in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. In 34 patients exhibiting reflux in GSV, blood was derived from the cubital vein and from the incompetent saphenofemoral junction. In 12 healthy controls, blood was derived from the cubital vein. Lymphocyte culture with and without stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was performed. Eotaxin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 A and 1B (MIP-1A and MIP-1B), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 5 (IL-5), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in culture supernatants by a Bio-Plex assay. Higher concentrations of eotaxin and G-CSF were revealed in the incompetent GSV, compared with the concentrations in the patients’ upper limbs. The concentrations of MIP-1A and MIP-1B were higher in the CVD group while the concentration of VEGF was lower. In the stimulated cultures, the concentration of G-CSF proved higher in the incompetent GSV, as compared with the patients’ upper limbs. Between the groups, the concentration of eotaxin was higher in the CVD group, while the IL-5 and MCP-1 concentrations were lower. IL-8, IP-10, FGF, GM-CSF, and PDGF-BB did not reveal any significant differences in concentrations between the samples. These observations suggest that the concentrations of chemokines and GFs are different in the blood of CVD patients. The oscillatory flow present in incompetent veins may play a role in these changes. However, the role of cytokines in CVD requires further study.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303 |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Grudzińska Sławomir Grzegorczyn Zenon P. Czuba Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein |
| title_full | Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein |
| title_fullStr | Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein |
| title_short | Chemokines and Growth Factors Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein |
| title_sort | chemokines and growth factors produced by lymphocytes in the incompetent great saphenous vein |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7057303 |
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