Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC.
Abstract Background Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. is a wild indigenous tree widely used as a traditional medicine for various human ailments in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to quantify total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents and determine the antioxidant and antibacterial...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04788-z |
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| author | Engeda Dessalegn Mengisteab Mathewos Hiwot Gebremeskel Nigatu Tuasha |
| author_facet | Engeda Dessalegn Mengisteab Mathewos Hiwot Gebremeskel Nigatu Tuasha |
| author_sort | Engeda Dessalegn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. is a wild indigenous tree widely used as a traditional medicine for various human ailments in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to quantify total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents and determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various solvent extracts of the bark of the plant. Methods The TPC and TFC were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ferric-reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Antibacterial properties were determined using the disc-diffusion and broth dilution assays. Results The ethanol extract of the bark was found to have high TPC (37.80 ± 3.70 mgGAE/g) and TFC (19.22 ± 1.44 mgQE/g). Similarly, the ethanol extract showed stronger DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 5.62 μg/mL). The ferric-reducing power and total antioxidant capacity were also strong (163.08±11.67 mgAAE/g and 143.72±2.86 mgBHTE/g of dried extract of 1 mg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC was observed in acetone extract against S. aureus (1.56 mg/mL) and in ethanol extract against K. pneumoniae (1.56 mg/mL). Conclusion The ethanol extract of the bark of S. guineense possesses high TPC and TFC. In addition, it showed strong ferric-reducing power and total antioxidant capacity, asserting high antioxidant content. The extracts have shown antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacterial species. Thus, further in-depth investigations may warrant the isolation of powerful antioxidants and potent antimicrobial agents from the plant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c9c09175aae4c4a967641c8209e70f5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c9c09175aae4c4a967641c8209e70f52025-02-02T12:08:35ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-01-0125111010.1186/s12906-025-04788-zDetermination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC.Engeda Dessalegn0Mengisteab Mathewos1Hiwot Gebremeskel2Nigatu Tuasha3Department of Chemistry, Hawassa College of Teacher Education, Sidama National Regional StateDepartment of Chemistry, Hawassa College of Teacher Education, Sidama National Regional StateDepartment of Biology, Hawassa College of Teacher Education, Sidama National Regional StateDepartment of Biology, Hawassa College of Teacher Education, Sidama National Regional StateAbstract Background Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. is a wild indigenous tree widely used as a traditional medicine for various human ailments in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to quantify total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents and determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various solvent extracts of the bark of the plant. Methods The TPC and TFC were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ferric-reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Antibacterial properties were determined using the disc-diffusion and broth dilution assays. Results The ethanol extract of the bark was found to have high TPC (37.80 ± 3.70 mgGAE/g) and TFC (19.22 ± 1.44 mgQE/g). Similarly, the ethanol extract showed stronger DPPH scavenging activity (EC50 = 5.62 μg/mL). The ferric-reducing power and total antioxidant capacity were also strong (163.08±11.67 mgAAE/g and 143.72±2.86 mgBHTE/g of dried extract of 1 mg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC was observed in acetone extract against S. aureus (1.56 mg/mL) and in ethanol extract against K. pneumoniae (1.56 mg/mL). Conclusion The ethanol extract of the bark of S. guineense possesses high TPC and TFC. In addition, it showed strong ferric-reducing power and total antioxidant capacity, asserting high antioxidant content. The extracts have shown antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacterial species. Thus, further in-depth investigations may warrant the isolation of powerful antioxidants and potent antimicrobial agents from the plant.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04788-zAntimicrobial agentsEthiopiaFree radical scavenging activityMedicinal plantsPhytochemicals |
| spellingShingle | Engeda Dessalegn Mengisteab Mathewos Hiwot Gebremeskel Nigatu Tuasha Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Antimicrobial agents Ethiopia Free radical scavenging activity Medicinal plants Phytochemicals |
| title | Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. |
| title_full | Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. |
| title_fullStr | Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. |
| title_short | Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. |
| title_sort | determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of syzygium guineense wild dc |
| topic | Antimicrobial agents Ethiopia Free radical scavenging activity Medicinal plants Phytochemicals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04788-z |
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