Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV)
The first marine pestivirus, Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV), isolated from harbor porpoise, has been recently described. To further characterize this unique pestivirus, its host cell tropism and growth kinetics were determined in different cell lines. In addition, the interaction of PhoPeV with innate...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Lars Söder Denise Meyer Olaf Isken Norbert Tautz Matthias König Alexander Postel Paul Becher |
| author_facet | Lars Söder Denise Meyer Olaf Isken Norbert Tautz Matthias König Alexander Postel Paul Becher |
| author_sort | Lars Söder |
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| description | The first marine pestivirus, Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV), isolated from harbor porpoise, has been recently described. To further characterize this unique pestivirus, its host cell tropism and growth kinetics were determined in different cell lines. In addition, the interaction of PhoPeV with innate immunity in porcine epithelial cells and the role of selected cellular factors involved in the viral entry and RNA replication of PhoPeV were investigated in comparison to closely and distantly related pestiviruses. While Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV), a unique porcine pestivirus closely related to PhoPeV, exhibits a broad cell tropism, PhoPeV only infects cells from pigs, cattle, sheep, and cats, as has been described for classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Viral titers correlate with the amount of intracellular PhoPeV-specific RNA detected in the tested cell lines. PhoPeV replicates most efficiently in the porcine kidney cell line SK6. Pestiviruses generally counteract the cellular innate immune response by degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) mediated by the viral N-terminal protease (N<sup>pro</sup>). No degradation of IRF3 and an increased expression of the type 1 interferon-stimulated antiviral protein Mx1 was observed in porcine cells infected with PhoPeV whose genome lacks the N<sup>pro</sup> encoding region. Infection of a CD46-deficient porcine cell line suggested that CD46, which is implicated in the viral entry of several pestiviruses, is not a major factor for the viral entry of PhoPeV. Moreover, the results of this study confirmed that the cellular factor DNAJC14 plays a crucial role in viral RNA replication of non-cytopathic pestiviruses, including PhoPeV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9aa82ff4ee1140f99f2ac2e6f1fedf79 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-9aa82ff4ee1140f99f2ac2e6f1fedf792025-01-24T13:52:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-0117110710.3390/v17010107Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV)Lars Söder0Denise Meyer1Olaf Isken2Norbert Tautz3Matthias König4Alexander Postel5Paul Becher6Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, GermanyInstitute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, GermanyThe first marine pestivirus, Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV), isolated from harbor porpoise, has been recently described. To further characterize this unique pestivirus, its host cell tropism and growth kinetics were determined in different cell lines. In addition, the interaction of PhoPeV with innate immunity in porcine epithelial cells and the role of selected cellular factors involved in the viral entry and RNA replication of PhoPeV were investigated in comparison to closely and distantly related pestiviruses. While Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV), a unique porcine pestivirus closely related to PhoPeV, exhibits a broad cell tropism, PhoPeV only infects cells from pigs, cattle, sheep, and cats, as has been described for classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Viral titers correlate with the amount of intracellular PhoPeV-specific RNA detected in the tested cell lines. PhoPeV replicates most efficiently in the porcine kidney cell line SK6. Pestiviruses generally counteract the cellular innate immune response by degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) mediated by the viral N-terminal protease (N<sup>pro</sup>). No degradation of IRF3 and an increased expression of the type 1 interferon-stimulated antiviral protein Mx1 was observed in porcine cells infected with PhoPeV whose genome lacks the N<sup>pro</sup> encoding region. Infection of a CD46-deficient porcine cell line suggested that CD46, which is implicated in the viral entry of several pestiviruses, is not a major factor for the viral entry of PhoPeV. Moreover, the results of this study confirmed that the cellular factor DNAJC14 plays a crucial role in viral RNA replication of non-cytopathic pestiviruses, including PhoPeV.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/107Phocoena pestivirusBungowannah pestivirusclassical swine fever virus<i>Flaviviridae</i>innate immunitypestivirus |
| spellingShingle | Lars Söder Denise Meyer Olaf Isken Norbert Tautz Matthias König Alexander Postel Paul Becher Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) Viruses Phocoena pestivirus Bungowannah pestivirus classical swine fever virus <i>Flaviviridae</i> innate immunity pestivirus |
| title | Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) |
| title_full | Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) |
| title_short | Characterization of the First Marine Pestivirus, Phocoena Pestivirus (PhoPeV) |
| title_sort | characterization of the first marine pestivirus phocoena pestivirus phopev |
| topic | Phocoena pestivirus Bungowannah pestivirus classical swine fever virus <i>Flaviviridae</i> innate immunity pestivirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/107 |
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