Comparison of the effect of guided visualization technique and cryotherapy on pain intensity during needle insertion into arterial–venous vessels of hemodialysis undergoing patients: A cross-over clinical trial
BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease patients experience pain during needle insertion each time they undergo vascular access. This pain is the most severe aspect of hemodialysis-related stress. Based on this, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of guided visualization technique and cr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Education and Health Promotion |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jehp.jehp_232_24 |
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