Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis
Context: Effect of serum ferritin on severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Purpose: To study the association between increased serum ferritin and severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Settings a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_574_23 |
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| author | Shashi Tanwar Nibha Mishra Prachi Sharma Apjit Kaur |
| author_facet | Shashi Tanwar Nibha Mishra Prachi Sharma Apjit Kaur |
| author_sort | Shashi Tanwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context:
Effect of serum ferritin on severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.
Purpose:
To study the association between increased serum ferritin and severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.
Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study.
Methods:
Hundred (n) out of 155 treatment-naive patients of COVID-19 infection presenting with the signs and symptoms of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis were enrolled in study. Based on the classification proposed by Honavar, the study patients were classified into four stages: Stage 1: involvement of the nasal mucosa (n = 11), Stage 2: involvement of paranasal sinuses (n = 14), Stage 3: involvement of the orbit (n = 37), Stage 4: involvement of the central nervous system (n = 38). Stage 3 was further divided into four substages: 3a: nasolacrimal duct, medial orbit, vision unaffected (n = 4); 3b: diffuse orbital involvement (>1 quadrant or >2 structures), vision unaffected (n = 15); 3c: central retinal artery occlusion or ophthalmic artery occlusion, superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, involvement of superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, orbital apex, diminution or loss of vision (n = 13); 3d: bilateral orbital involvement (n = 5). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and inflammatory markers (serum ferritin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer) were assessed. Serum level of ferritin was analyzed by using chemiluminescence immunoassay method.
Results:
Mean FBS (mg/dl) was 165.03 ± 70.43 for stage 1, 185.67 ± 64.82 for stage 2, 159.05 ± 68.60 for stage 3, and 158.20 ± 62.05 for stage 4. Mean PPBS (mg/dl) was 238.70 ± 141.29 for stage 1, 252 ± 103.69 for stage 2, 257.09 ± 103.48 for stage 3, and 229.53 ± 76.81 for stage 4. Mean serum ferritin (μg/l) was 302.67 ± 266.95 in stage 1, 444.19 ± 116.36 in stage 2, 504.85 ± 205.99 in stage 3, and 825.95 ± 777.30 in stage 4. A statistically significant increase in serum ferritin levels with severity of disease (P = 0.005) was noted. Similar trend was observed in substages of stage 3. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum ferritin and severity of disease (P = 0.0007).
Conclusion:
Increased serum ferritin was significantly independently associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98e54b6bf3634b6ab0d9640bdd22be1a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0301-4738 1998-3689 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-98e54b6bf3634b6ab0d9640bdd22be1a2025-02-06T05:39:35ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Ophthalmology0301-47381998-36892025-02-0173222322710.4103/IJO.IJO_574_23Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysisShashi TanwarNibha MishraPrachi SharmaApjit KaurContext: Effect of serum ferritin on severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Purpose: To study the association between increased serum ferritin and severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Hundred (n) out of 155 treatment-naive patients of COVID-19 infection presenting with the signs and symptoms of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis were enrolled in study. Based on the classification proposed by Honavar, the study patients were classified into four stages: Stage 1: involvement of the nasal mucosa (n = 11), Stage 2: involvement of paranasal sinuses (n = 14), Stage 3: involvement of the orbit (n = 37), Stage 4: involvement of the central nervous system (n = 38). Stage 3 was further divided into four substages: 3a: nasolacrimal duct, medial orbit, vision unaffected (n = 4); 3b: diffuse orbital involvement (>1 quadrant or >2 structures), vision unaffected (n = 15); 3c: central retinal artery occlusion or ophthalmic artery occlusion, superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, involvement of superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, orbital apex, diminution or loss of vision (n = 13); 3d: bilateral orbital involvement (n = 5). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and inflammatory markers (serum ferritin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer) were assessed. Serum level of ferritin was analyzed by using chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Results: Mean FBS (mg/dl) was 165.03 ± 70.43 for stage 1, 185.67 ± 64.82 for stage 2, 159.05 ± 68.60 for stage 3, and 158.20 ± 62.05 for stage 4. Mean PPBS (mg/dl) was 238.70 ± 141.29 for stage 1, 252 ± 103.69 for stage 2, 257.09 ± 103.48 for stage 3, and 229.53 ± 76.81 for stage 4. Mean serum ferritin (μg/l) was 302.67 ± 266.95 in stage 1, 444.19 ± 116.36 in stage 2, 504.85 ± 205.99 in stage 3, and 825.95 ± 777.30 in stage 4. A statistically significant increase in serum ferritin levels with severity of disease (P = 0.005) was noted. Similar trend was observed in substages of stage 3. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum ferritin and severity of disease (P = 0.0007). Conclusion: Increased serum ferritin was significantly independently associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_574_23covid-19diabetes mellitusorbital mucormycosisrhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (rocm)serum ferritin |
| spellingShingle | Shashi Tanwar Nibha Mishra Prachi Sharma Apjit Kaur Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis Indian Journal of Ophthalmology covid-19 diabetes mellitus orbital mucormycosis rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (rocm) serum ferritin |
| title | Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis |
| title_full | Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis |
| title_fullStr | Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis |
| title_short | Increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in COVID-19–associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A quantitative analysis |
| title_sort | increased serum ferritin is associated with severity of orbital disease in covid 19 associated rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis a quantitative analysis |
| topic | covid-19 diabetes mellitus orbital mucormycosis rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (rocm) serum ferritin |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/IJO.IJO_574_23 |
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