Modulation of the immune microenvironment using nanomaterials: a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy

Modulation of the immune microenvironment using nanomaterials: a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy

The complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is composed of mainly tumor cells, immune cells, and cytokines, is a major obstacle limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapy, and the interactions among these factors in the TIME determine the efficacy of antitumor immunity. Over t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haozhe Piao, Yuxin Jiang, Shengbo Jin, Jie Shi, Jun Yu, Wenping Wang, Zhenguang Du, Huini Yao, Qian Liu, Ningxin Li, Jiaqing Fu, Yue Shen, Mingzhu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
nanomaterials
tumor microenvironment
tumor immunity
cancer immunotherapy
application
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1614640/full
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