Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background Anopheles s.l. displays the potential to develop tolerance to heavy metals, particularly copper, this may occur at a significant biological cost, which can adversely affect its ecological fitness. This study investigated the larval metal exposure on larval development and reproduction of...
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Wellcome
2025-02-01
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| author | Adam Gbankoto Rousseau Djouaka Camille Dossou Louckman Monra Seidou Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto Danahé Adanzounon Genevieve Tchigossou Innocent Djègbè Aldo Emmanuel C. Glokpon Massioudou Koto Yérima Gounou Boukari Eric Tossou Donald Hessou-Djossou |
| author_facet | Adam Gbankoto Rousseau Djouaka Camille Dossou Louckman Monra Seidou Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto Danahé Adanzounon Genevieve Tchigossou Innocent Djègbè Aldo Emmanuel C. Glokpon Massioudou Koto Yérima Gounou Boukari Eric Tossou Donald Hessou-Djossou |
| author_sort | Adam Gbankoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Anopheles s.l. displays the potential to develop tolerance to heavy metals, particularly copper, this may occur at a significant biological cost, which can adversely affect its ecological fitness. This study investigated the larval metal exposure on larval development and reproduction of An. gambiae s.s., a laboratory susceptible strain, kisumu. Methods Stage 2 larvae of Anopheles gambiae, Kisumu were exposed to C1 = 484 μg L-1, C2 = 300 μg L-1 and 0 μg L-1 (control) of copper chloride. Larval mortality, pupation time, pupation rate, gonotrophic cycle length, fecundity and fertility of larvae/adults were assessed over six generations. Results Results revealed that larval mortality rate was significantly higher in the C1 groups of each group (p = 0.000), but this mortality rate decreased over generations. Pupation time was extended to 13 and 14 days respectively for C2 and C1 groups (p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Similar results were observed for the gonotrophic cycle, which increased from 4 days at G0 to more than 6 days at generation 5 in adults of C1. The pupation rate in generation 4 (C1) and generation 5 of the same group (p = 0.000) as well as the emergence rate in generation 4 (C2, p = 0.000) and generation 5 (C1 and C2, p = 0.000) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The average number of eggs laid was lower in the test groups from generation 4 to generation 5 (C1 and C2, p = 0.00) and egg fertility was also negatively affected by exposure of the larval stage of An. gambiae s.s. to copper. Conclusion This study showed that copper not only exhibits larvicidal properties in Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae, it also revealed the potential of this metal to reduce fecundity and fertility in these malaria vectors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-968c5ec59cfc46e5b023feb091e849de |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-968c5ec59cfc46e5b023feb091e849de2025-02-06T01:00:01ZengWellcomeWellcome Open Research2398-502X2025-02-01926134Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Adam Gbankoto0Rousseau Djouaka1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0780-9131Camille Dossou2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-6454Louckman Monra Seidou3Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto4Danahé Adanzounon5Genevieve Tchigossou6Innocent Djègbè7Aldo Emmanuel C. Glokpon8Massioudou Koto Yérima Gounou Boukari9https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2722-4460Eric Tossou10Donald Hessou-Djossou11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-6063Laboratory of Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, 01 BP 526, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninBiorisk Management Facility, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninDépartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, Atacora, P.O. Box 72, BeninLaboratory of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, 01 BP 526, BeninDépartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, Atacora, P.O. Box 72, BeninAgroecohealth Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Abomy-Calavi, Atlantique, P.O. Box 0932, BeninDépartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, Atacora, P.O. Box 72, BeninBackground Anopheles s.l. displays the potential to develop tolerance to heavy metals, particularly copper, this may occur at a significant biological cost, which can adversely affect its ecological fitness. This study investigated the larval metal exposure on larval development and reproduction of An. gambiae s.s., a laboratory susceptible strain, kisumu. Methods Stage 2 larvae of Anopheles gambiae, Kisumu were exposed to C1 = 484 μg L-1, C2 = 300 μg L-1 and 0 μg L-1 (control) of copper chloride. Larval mortality, pupation time, pupation rate, gonotrophic cycle length, fecundity and fertility of larvae/adults were assessed over six generations. Results Results revealed that larval mortality rate was significantly higher in the C1 groups of each group (p = 0.000), but this mortality rate decreased over generations. Pupation time was extended to 13 and 14 days respectively for C2 and C1 groups (p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Similar results were observed for the gonotrophic cycle, which increased from 4 days at G0 to more than 6 days at generation 5 in adults of C1. The pupation rate in generation 4 (C1) and generation 5 of the same group (p = 0.000) as well as the emergence rate in generation 4 (C2, p = 0.000) and generation 5 (C1 and C2, p = 0.000) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The average number of eggs laid was lower in the test groups from generation 4 to generation 5 (C1 and C2, p = 0.00) and egg fertility was also negatively affected by exposure of the larval stage of An. gambiae s.s. to copper. Conclusion This study showed that copper not only exhibits larvicidal properties in Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae, it also revealed the potential of this metal to reduce fecundity and fertility in these malaria vectors.https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/9-623/v2Anopheles gambiae s.s. copper malaria tolerance life traits reproductioneng |
| spellingShingle | Adam Gbankoto Rousseau Djouaka Camille Dossou Louckman Monra Seidou Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto Danahé Adanzounon Genevieve Tchigossou Innocent Djègbè Aldo Emmanuel C. Glokpon Massioudou Koto Yérima Gounou Boukari Eric Tossou Donald Hessou-Djossou Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Research Anopheles gambiae s.s. copper malaria tolerance life traits reproduction eng |
| title | Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of An. gambiae s.s. over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | exposure to copper metal enhances the tolerance of an gambiae s s over multiple generations while reducing both fertility and fecundity in this primary malaria vector version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| topic | Anopheles gambiae s.s. copper malaria tolerance life traits reproduction eng |
| url | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/9-623/v2 |
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