Investigating the ROS Formation and Particle Behavior of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide (E171) in the TIM-1 Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Model

Investigating the ROS Formation and Particle Behavior of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide (E171) in the TIM-1 Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Model

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is widely used in food, feed, and pharmaceuticals for its opacifying and coloring properties. This study investigates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the aggregation behavior of E171 using the TNO Gastrointestinal (GI) model, which simulates the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicolaj S. Bischoff, Anna K. Undas, Greet van Bemmel, Jacco J. Briedé, Simone G. van Breda, Jessica Verhoeven, Sanne Verbruggen, Koen Venema, Dick T. H. M. Sijm, Theo M. de Kok
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
E171
titanium dioxide
human gastrointestinal digestion
agglomeration
ROS
physicochemical characterization
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/8
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