CQL-GNN: Coupled question-label graph neural networks for multi-label educational question classification

Abstract Accurate tagging of educational questions with multiple knowledge labels is crucial for personalized learning and resource recommendation. However, multi-label question classification faces significant challenges: labels exhibit long-tail frequency imbalance, many labels overlap semanticall...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liwei Gao, Luojia Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00208-x
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