Impact assessment of planned and unplanned urbanization on land surface temperature in Afghanistan using machine learning algorithms: a path toward sustainability

Abstract The increasing trend in land surface temperature (LST) and the formation of urban heat islands (UHIs) has emerged as a persistent challenge for urban planners and decision-makers. The current research was carried out to study the land use and land cover (LULC) changes and associated LST pat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sajid Ullah, Xiuchen Qiao, Aqil Tariq
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87234-x
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