Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review
The widespread use of mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine (CHX), has raised concerns about their impact on the oral microbiome and potential systemic health effects. This perspective review examines the current evidence linking CHX mouthwash use to disruptions in the oral microb...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | International Dental Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924001977 |
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| author | Ayoub Boulares Hela Jdidi Nicola Luigi Bragazzi |
| author_facet | Ayoub Boulares Hela Jdidi Nicola Luigi Bragazzi |
| author_sort | Ayoub Boulares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The widespread use of mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine (CHX), has raised concerns about their impact on the oral microbiome and potential systemic health effects. This perspective review examines the current evidence linking CHX mouthwash use to disruptions in the oral microbiome and explores the potential indirect implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. CHX mouthwash is effective in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation, but it also significantly alters the composition of the oral microbiome, decreasing the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria critical for nitric oxide (NO) production. This disruption can lead to increased blood pressure, a major risk factor for AD. Given the established connection between hypertension and AD, the long-term use of CHX mouthwash may indirectly contribute to the onset of AD. However, the relationship between CHX mouthwash use and AD remains largely indirect, necessitating further longitudinal and cohort studies to investigate whether a direct causal link exists. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining a balanced oral microbiome for both oral and systemic health and calls for more research into safer oral hygiene practices and their potential impacts on neurodegenerative disease risk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-931eab9854d441f9bf67aec0cdb8b00f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0020-6539 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Dental Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-931eab9854d441f9bf67aec0cdb8b00f2025-01-21T04:12:43ZengElsevierInternational Dental Journal0020-65392025-02-017514550Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective ReviewAyoub Boulares0Hela Jdidi1Nicola Luigi Bragazzi2Laboratory Mobility, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Aging & Exercise-ER20296, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceLaboratory Mobility, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, Aging & Exercise-ER20296, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Food and Drugs, Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Medical School, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Corresponding author. Department of Food and Drugs, Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Medical School, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, ItalyThe widespread use of mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine (CHX), has raised concerns about their impact on the oral microbiome and potential systemic health effects. This perspective review examines the current evidence linking CHX mouthwash use to disruptions in the oral microbiome and explores the potential indirect implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. CHX mouthwash is effective in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation, but it also significantly alters the composition of the oral microbiome, decreasing the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria critical for nitric oxide (NO) production. This disruption can lead to increased blood pressure, a major risk factor for AD. Given the established connection between hypertension and AD, the long-term use of CHX mouthwash may indirectly contribute to the onset of AD. However, the relationship between CHX mouthwash use and AD remains largely indirect, necessitating further longitudinal and cohort studies to investigate whether a direct causal link exists. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining a balanced oral microbiome for both oral and systemic health and calls for more research into safer oral hygiene practices and their potential impacts on neurodegenerative disease risk.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924001977Oral microbiotaAlzheimer's diseaseMouthwashOral health |
| spellingShingle | Ayoub Boulares Hela Jdidi Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review International Dental Journal Oral microbiota Alzheimer's disease Mouthwash Oral health |
| title | Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review |
| title_full | Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review |
| title_short | Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review |
| title_sort | impact of mouthwash induced oral microbiome disruption on alzheimer s disease risk a perspective review |
| topic | Oral microbiota Alzheimer's disease Mouthwash Oral health |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653924001977 |
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