Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management

Residential loads have great potential to provide flexibility and other services to the grid, but many legacy or non-networked loads need additional hardware to enable such functionality. Currently available devices (e.g., smart thermostats or load control switches) that equip legacy loads with ener...

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Main Authors: Aaron Goldin, Elizabeth Buechler, Ram Rajagopal, Juan M. Rivas-Davila
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524005970
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author Aaron Goldin
Elizabeth Buechler
Ram Rajagopal
Juan M. Rivas-Davila
author_facet Aaron Goldin
Elizabeth Buechler
Ram Rajagopal
Juan M. Rivas-Davila
author_sort Aaron Goldin
collection DOAJ
description Residential loads have great potential to provide flexibility and other services to the grid, but many legacy or non-networked loads need additional hardware to enable such functionality. Currently available devices (e.g., smart thermostats or load control switches) that equip legacy loads with energy management features, provide narrow functionality to address specific use cases.We propose the Smart Dim Fuse (SDF), a unified system with general purpose hardware, to enable legacy residential loads with versatile grid-interactive functionalities. By combining sensing, power electronics, and load modeling into a single architecture, the SDF offers comprehensive capabilities that would otherwise require a large number of disparate devices that are not inherently compatible. Based on a thoroughly tested prototype, we suggest that such a device can deliver this flexibility at a levelized cost of 0.018-0.052 $/kWh. The prototype power electronics operates at efficiencies between 96.4-98.5% at full load. The system can deliver fast load power modulation with a mean average percentage error below 1.8%.
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spelling doaj-art-9158f2846152453ea4ef9bc6f46a8c672025-01-19T06:23:51ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-03-01164110374Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side managementAaron Goldin0Elizabeth Buechler1Ram Rajagopal2Juan M. Rivas-Davila3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USAResidential loads have great potential to provide flexibility and other services to the grid, but many legacy or non-networked loads need additional hardware to enable such functionality. Currently available devices (e.g., smart thermostats or load control switches) that equip legacy loads with energy management features, provide narrow functionality to address specific use cases.We propose the Smart Dim Fuse (SDF), a unified system with general purpose hardware, to enable legacy residential loads with versatile grid-interactive functionalities. By combining sensing, power electronics, and load modeling into a single architecture, the SDF offers comprehensive capabilities that would otherwise require a large number of disparate devices that are not inherently compatible. Based on a thoroughly tested prototype, we suggest that such a device can deliver this flexibility at a levelized cost of 0.018-0.052 $/kWh. The prototype power electronics operates at efficiencies between 96.4-98.5% at full load. The system can deliver fast load power modulation with a mean average percentage error below 1.8%.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524005970Home energy managementDemand-side managementDemand responseDistributed energy resourcesLoad controlLoad curtailment
spellingShingle Aaron Goldin
Elizabeth Buechler
Ram Rajagopal
Juan M. Rivas-Davila
Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Home energy management
Demand-side management
Demand response
Distributed energy resources
Load control
Load curtailment
title Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
title_full Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
title_fullStr Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
title_full_unstemmed Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
title_short Design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand-side management
title_sort design and validation of a power modulation system for residential demand side management
topic Home energy management
Demand-side management
Demand response
Distributed energy resources
Load control
Load curtailment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524005970
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