Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have become one of the most widely used pesticides in Chinese agriculture; however, methods to identify potential restrictions on OPs molecules are lacking. Therefore, this study retrieved the OPs restriction list and constructed eight multi-class, multi-category ma...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/16 |
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| author | Yingwei Wang Lu Wang Yufei Li |
| author_facet | Yingwei Wang Lu Wang Yufei Li |
| author_sort | Yingwei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have become one of the most widely used pesticides in Chinese agriculture; however, methods to identify potential restrictions on OPs molecules are lacking. Therefore, this study retrieved the OPs restriction list and constructed eight multi-class, multi-category machine learning models for OPs restrictions. Among these, the random forest (RF) model demonstrated excellent predictive performance, as it was successfully validated and applied. Potential environmental transformation products of OPs were obtained using EAWAG-BBD software, while toxicity indicators for the parent OPs and their transformation products were predicted with ADMETlab 3.0 software. This study found that unrestricted OPs, such as phorate, parathion, and chlorpyrifos, exhibited a high probability of toxicity. Additionally, the environmental transformation products of OPs posed similar comprehensive toxicity risks as the parent compounds. A special attention list for OPs was created based on the toxicity risks of unrestricted parent OPs and their transformation products, using standard deviation classification. Phorate and parathion were identified as OPs requiring special attention. This paper aims to provide an effective method for identifying the potential restriction levels of OPs and to propose an evaluation system that comprehensively considers the health risk, thereby supporting the improvement and optimization of management and usage strategies for OPs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-913bdd0752b6424b9f5bccebfde19df5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-913bdd0752b6424b9f5bccebfde19df52025-01-24T13:50:56ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-011311610.3390/toxics13010016Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention ListYingwei Wang0Lu Wang1Yufei Li2Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, ChinaJilin Province Ecological Environmental Monitoring Centre, 813 Pudong Road, Changchun 130011, ChinaColleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, ChinaOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have become one of the most widely used pesticides in Chinese agriculture; however, methods to identify potential restrictions on OPs molecules are lacking. Therefore, this study retrieved the OPs restriction list and constructed eight multi-class, multi-category machine learning models for OPs restrictions. Among these, the random forest (RF) model demonstrated excellent predictive performance, as it was successfully validated and applied. Potential environmental transformation products of OPs were obtained using EAWAG-BBD software, while toxicity indicators for the parent OPs and their transformation products were predicted with ADMETlab 3.0 software. This study found that unrestricted OPs, such as phorate, parathion, and chlorpyrifos, exhibited a high probability of toxicity. Additionally, the environmental transformation products of OPs posed similar comprehensive toxicity risks as the parent compounds. A special attention list for OPs was created based on the toxicity risks of unrestricted parent OPs and their transformation products, using standard deviation classification. Phorate and parathion were identified as OPs requiring special attention. This paper aims to provide an effective method for identifying the potential restriction levels of OPs and to propose an evaluation system that comprehensively considers the health risk, thereby supporting the improvement and optimization of management and usage strategies for OPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/16organophosphate pesticidesmachine learningenvironmental transformation productstoxicity characteristicsspecial attention list |
| spellingShingle | Yingwei Wang Lu Wang Yufei Li Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List Toxics organophosphate pesticides machine learning environmental transformation products toxicity characteristics special attention list |
| title | Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List |
| title_full | Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List |
| title_fullStr | Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List |
| title_short | Organophosphorus Pesticides Management Strategies: Prohibition and Restriction Multi-Category Multi-Class Models, Environmental Transformation Risks, and Special Attention List |
| title_sort | organophosphorus pesticides management strategies prohibition and restriction multi category multi class models environmental transformation risks and special attention list |
| topic | organophosphate pesticides machine learning environmental transformation products toxicity characteristics special attention list |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/16 |
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