Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Abstract Background Evidence for a potential link between dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory bowel disease is limited, and the moderating role of genetic susceptibility remains to be assessed. Objective To evaluate energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) for the associations...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00934-z |
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| author | Ji-Mei Gu Miao Zhao Jie Zhu Hao-Wei Tao Xiao-Ping Shao Li-Qiang Qin Yang-Yang Ge Guo-Chong Chen |
| author_facet | Ji-Mei Gu Miao Zhao Jie Zhu Hao-Wei Tao Xiao-Ping Shao Li-Qiang Qin Yang-Yang Ge Guo-Chong Chen |
| author_sort | Ji-Mei Gu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Evidence for a potential link between dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory bowel disease is limited, and the moderating role of genetic susceptibility remains to be assessed. Objective To evaluate energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) for the associations with incident Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of genetic susceptibility. Methods A total of 205,706 UK Biobank participants who were aged 39–72 years and had no known CD or UC at baseline (2006–2010) were included. The E-DII score was calculated based on energy-adjusted average intakes of 33 food or nutrient items derived from up to five 24-hour dietary recalls. Multivariable Cox regression models were used estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident CD and UC. Results During a median 12.3 years of follow-up, 382 incident CD and 798 incident UC cases were ascertained. A higher E-DII score was not associated with risk of CD (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.94–1.74; P-trend = 0.09) or UC (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.90–1.36; P-trend = 0.17). There was an interaction between the E-DII and the polygenic risk score (PRS) for CD on incident CD (P-interaction = 0.023), with an association only among participants with a high PRS (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.61) (P-interaction = 0.023). As compared with the participants with a low PRS for CD and a low E-DII score, participants with high levels of both scores had a particularly higher risk of CD (HR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.74–5.60). Conclusions The association of dietary inflammatory potential with incident CD appears to be amplified by high genetic susceptibility to CD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90d2ce128cb741d9a383a9aeb8e3ef22 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-90d2ce128cb741d9a383a9aeb8e3ef222025-08-20T01:47:33ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752025-05-0122111110.1186/s12986-025-00934-zDietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitisJi-Mei Gu0Miao Zhao1Jie Zhu2Hao-Wei Tao3Xiao-Ping Shao4Li-Qiang Qin5Yang-Yang Ge6Guo-Chong Chen7Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor HospitalDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversityAbstract Background Evidence for a potential link between dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory bowel disease is limited, and the moderating role of genetic susceptibility remains to be assessed. Objective To evaluate energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) for the associations with incident Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of genetic susceptibility. Methods A total of 205,706 UK Biobank participants who were aged 39–72 years and had no known CD or UC at baseline (2006–2010) were included. The E-DII score was calculated based on energy-adjusted average intakes of 33 food or nutrient items derived from up to five 24-hour dietary recalls. Multivariable Cox regression models were used estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident CD and UC. Results During a median 12.3 years of follow-up, 382 incident CD and 798 incident UC cases were ascertained. A higher E-DII score was not associated with risk of CD (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.94–1.74; P-trend = 0.09) or UC (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.90–1.36; P-trend = 0.17). There was an interaction between the E-DII and the polygenic risk score (PRS) for CD on incident CD (P-interaction = 0.023), with an association only among participants with a high PRS (HR Q4 VS. Q1 = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.61) (P-interaction = 0.023). As compared with the participants with a low PRS for CD and a low E-DII score, participants with high levels of both scores had a particularly higher risk of CD (HR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.74–5.60). Conclusions The association of dietary inflammatory potential with incident CD appears to be amplified by high genetic susceptibility to CD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00934-zCrohn’s diseaseDietary inflammatory indexGenetic riskInflammatory bowel diseaseUK biobankUlcerative colitis |
| spellingShingle | Ji-Mei Gu Miao Zhao Jie Zhu Hao-Wei Tao Xiao-Ping Shao Li-Qiang Qin Yang-Yang Ge Guo-Chong Chen Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis Nutrition & Metabolism Crohn’s disease Dietary inflammatory index Genetic risk Inflammatory bowel disease UK biobank Ulcerative colitis |
| title | Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| title_full | Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| title_fullStr | Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| title_short | Dietary inflammatory potential, genetic predisposition, and incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| title_sort | dietary inflammatory potential genetic predisposition and incidence of crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| topic | Crohn’s disease Dietary inflammatory index Genetic risk Inflammatory bowel disease UK biobank Ulcerative colitis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00934-z |
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