Spacer Designs for Improved Hydrodynamics and Filtration Efficiency in Sea Water Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) filtration performance is heavily influenced by the design of the feed spacer. Spacer design impacts hydrodynamic patterns within the system, affecting water production and concentration polarization. Two spacer designs, namely pillar (P) and standard (S), were investigated to i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sarah Kerdi, Adnan Qamar, Henry J. Tanudjaja, Noreddine Ghaffour
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Membranes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/15/1/32
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