Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt
Painful transformational processes taking place in the Middle East after the Arab Awakening pose not only new threats and challenges for regional actors, but also provide new opportunities for some of them to pursue their geopolitical ambitions and strengthen strategic positions, including through n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Moscow University Press
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV: Международные отношения и мировая политика |
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| Online Access: | https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/15 |
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| author | D. V. Zhigulskaya |
| author_facet | D. V. Zhigulskaya |
| author_sort | D. V. Zhigulskaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Painful transformational processes taking place in the Middle East after the Arab Awakening pose not only new threats and challenges for regional actors, but also provide new opportunities for some of them to pursue their geopolitical ambitions and strengthen strategic positions, including through non-traditional methods and tools. In this regard, Turkey’s attempts to capitalize on the interest of some governments, which came to power on a wave of dissent, to learn from the Turkish experience in state building deserve independent consideration. These attempts were reflected in the concept of the so called Turkish model. In the early 2010s a particular interest in implementation of the Turkish model was shown by Egypt. The paper examines both the driving forces behind M. Mursi’s government special attention to Ankara’s example and the reasons that ultimately have led to the failure to operationalize the Turkish model in Egypt and the subsequent dramatic deterioration of bilateral relations. The first section of the paper identifies the key elements of the Turkish model. The author emphasizes that initially this model was aimed at identifying the optimal balance between religious and secular principles in public life. The second section explores M. Mursi’s government attempts to implement the Turkish model in Egypt in the first half of 2010s. The author shows that it was economic and political success of Turkey in the 1990s and 2000s including its rapid economic growth and the increase of foreign investments, as well as a successful inclusion of political Islam in the Western-style democratic institutions that primarily attracted the new Egyptian government. However, the author concludes that M. Mursi’s government failure to undertake profound economic, social and political reforms combined with a mixed attitude of the Muslim Brotherhood towards the Turkish model, growing popular discontent and a negative attitude of certain regional actors towards this proclaimed political course of the new Egyptian leaders have eventually led to the military coup and cessation of all attempts to learn from the Turkish experience. The third section outlines implications of the 2013 military coup in Egypt for the bilateral relations. The author concludes that the Egyptian case clearly demonstrates the limits of applicability of the Turkish model in the Middle East countries, as well as limitations of Turkey’s regional ambitions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8edadb88449a404c8726d7f98d170f55 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-7404 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Moscow University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV: Международные отношения и мировая политика |
| spelling | doaj-art-8edadb88449a404c8726d7f98d170f552025-02-02T11:10:30ZengMoscow University PressВестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV: Международные отношения и мировая политика2076-74042020-11-0111210712714Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of EgyptD. V. Zhigulskaya0Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Oriental StudiesPainful transformational processes taking place in the Middle East after the Arab Awakening pose not only new threats and challenges for regional actors, but also provide new opportunities for some of them to pursue their geopolitical ambitions and strengthen strategic positions, including through non-traditional methods and tools. In this regard, Turkey’s attempts to capitalize on the interest of some governments, which came to power on a wave of dissent, to learn from the Turkish experience in state building deserve independent consideration. These attempts were reflected in the concept of the so called Turkish model. In the early 2010s a particular interest in implementation of the Turkish model was shown by Egypt. The paper examines both the driving forces behind M. Mursi’s government special attention to Ankara’s example and the reasons that ultimately have led to the failure to operationalize the Turkish model in Egypt and the subsequent dramatic deterioration of bilateral relations. The first section of the paper identifies the key elements of the Turkish model. The author emphasizes that initially this model was aimed at identifying the optimal balance between religious and secular principles in public life. The second section explores M. Mursi’s government attempts to implement the Turkish model in Egypt in the first half of 2010s. The author shows that it was economic and political success of Turkey in the 1990s and 2000s including its rapid economic growth and the increase of foreign investments, as well as a successful inclusion of political Islam in the Western-style democratic institutions that primarily attracted the new Egyptian government. However, the author concludes that M. Mursi’s government failure to undertake profound economic, social and political reforms combined with a mixed attitude of the Muslim Brotherhood towards the Turkish model, growing popular discontent and a negative attitude of certain regional actors towards this proclaimed political course of the new Egyptian leaders have eventually led to the military coup and cessation of all attempts to learn from the Turkish experience. The third section outlines implications of the 2013 military coup in Egypt for the bilateral relations. The author concludes that the Egyptian case clearly demonstrates the limits of applicability of the Turkish model in the Middle East countries, as well as limitations of Turkey’s regional ambitions.https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/15the republic of turkeythe arab republic of egyptthe arab awakeningturkish modelthe muslim brotherhoodthe justice and development partypolitical islamsecularismrecep tayyip erdoganhosni mubarakmohammed mursiabdel fattah el-sisi |
| spellingShingle | D. V. Zhigulskaya Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV: Международные отношения и мировая политика the republic of turkey the arab republic of egypt the arab awakening turkish model the muslim brotherhood the justice and development party political islam secularism recep tayyip erdogan hosni mubarak mohammed mursi abdel fattah el-sisi |
| title | Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt |
| title_full | Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt |
| title_short | Limits of the Turkish Model Applicability in the Middle East Countries after the Arab Awakening: The Case of Egypt |
| title_sort | limits of the turkish model applicability in the middle east countries after the arab awakening the case of egypt |
| topic | the republic of turkey the arab republic of egypt the arab awakening turkish model the muslim brotherhood the justice and development party political islam secularism recep tayyip erdogan hosni mubarak mohammed mursi abdel fattah el-sisi |
| url | https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/15 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dvzhigulskaya limitsoftheturkishmodelapplicabilityinthemiddleeastcountriesafterthearabawakeningthecaseofegypt |