Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis
While most secreted proteins contain defined signal peptides that direct their extracellular transport through the ER-Golgi pathway, nonclassical transport of leaderless peptides/proteins was first described 20 years ago and the mechanisms responsible for unconventional export of such proteins have...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2010-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.141 |
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| _version_ | 1832561299111804928 |
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| author | Jihong Jiang Rosaely Casalegno-Garduno Helen Chen Anita Schmitt Michael Schmitt Christopher A. Maxwell |
| author_facet | Jihong Jiang Rosaely Casalegno-Garduno Helen Chen Anita Schmitt Michael Schmitt Christopher A. Maxwell |
| author_sort | Jihong Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While most secreted proteins contain defined signal peptides that direct their extracellular transport through the ER-Golgi pathway, nonclassical transport of leaderless peptides/proteins was first described 20 years ago and the mechanisms responsible for unconventional export of such proteins have been thoroughly reviewed. In addition to directed nonclassical secretion, a number of leaderless secreted proteins have been classified as damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) molecules, which are nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins that, under necrotic or apoptotic conditions, are released outside the cell and function as proinflammatory signals. A strong association between persistent release of DAMPs, chronic inflammation, and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been proposed. Thus, protein localization and function can change fundamentally from intracellular to extracellular compartments, often under conditions of inflammation, cancer, and arthritis. If we are truly to understand, model, and treat such biological states, it will be important to investigate these multifunctional proteins and their contribution to degenerative diseases. Here, we will focus our discussion on intracellular proteins, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, that play critical extracellular roles. In particular, the multifunctional nature of HMMR/RHAMM and survivin will be highlighted and compared, as these molecules are the subject of extensive biological and therapeutic investigations within hematology and oncology fields. For these and other genes/proteins, we will highlight points of structural and functional intersection during cellular division and differentiation, as well as states associated with cancer, such as tumor-initiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we will discuss the potential targeting of these proteins for improved therapeutic outcomes within these degenerative disorders. Our goal is to highlight a number of commonalities among these multifunctional proteins for better understanding of their putative roles in tumor initiation, inflammation, arthritis, and cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e7db4e61c044ddabfef9f3aa6ea6752 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e7db4e61c044ddabfef9f3aa6ea67522025-02-03T01:25:20ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2010-01-01101244125710.1100/tsw.2010.141Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and ArthritisJihong Jiang0Rosaely Casalegno-Garduno1Helen Chen2Anita Schmitt3Michael Schmitt4Christopher A. Maxwell5Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaWhile most secreted proteins contain defined signal peptides that direct their extracellular transport through the ER-Golgi pathway, nonclassical transport of leaderless peptides/proteins was first described 20 years ago and the mechanisms responsible for unconventional export of such proteins have been thoroughly reviewed. In addition to directed nonclassical secretion, a number of leaderless secreted proteins have been classified as damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) molecules, which are nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins that, under necrotic or apoptotic conditions, are released outside the cell and function as proinflammatory signals. A strong association between persistent release of DAMPs, chronic inflammation, and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been proposed. Thus, protein localization and function can change fundamentally from intracellular to extracellular compartments, often under conditions of inflammation, cancer, and arthritis. If we are truly to understand, model, and treat such biological states, it will be important to investigate these multifunctional proteins and their contribution to degenerative diseases. Here, we will focus our discussion on intracellular proteins, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, that play critical extracellular roles. In particular, the multifunctional nature of HMMR/RHAMM and survivin will be highlighted and compared, as these molecules are the subject of extensive biological and therapeutic investigations within hematology and oncology fields. For these and other genes/proteins, we will highlight points of structural and functional intersection during cellular division and differentiation, as well as states associated with cancer, such as tumor-initiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we will discuss the potential targeting of these proteins for improved therapeutic outcomes within these degenerative disorders. Our goal is to highlight a number of commonalities among these multifunctional proteins for better understanding of their putative roles in tumor initiation, inflammation, arthritis, and cancer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.141 |
| spellingShingle | Jihong Jiang Rosaely Casalegno-Garduno Helen Chen Anita Schmitt Michael Schmitt Christopher A. Maxwell Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis The Scientific World Journal |
| title | Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis |
| title_full | Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis |
| title_fullStr | Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis |
| title_short | Multifunctional Proteins Bridge Mitosis with Motility and Cancer with Inflammation and Arthritis |
| title_sort | multifunctional proteins bridge mitosis with motility and cancer with inflammation and arthritis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.141 |
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