Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis
<b>Objective</b>: In developed countries, stroke is the fifth cause of death, with a high mortality rate, and with recovery to normal neurological function in one-third of survivors. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery and related emb...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Jerzy Chudek Marta Pośpiech Anna Chudek Michał Holecki Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka |
| author_facet | Jerzy Chudek Marta Pośpiech Anna Chudek Michał Holecki Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka |
| author_sort | Jerzy Chudek |
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| description | <b>Objective</b>: In developed countries, stroke is the fifth cause of death, with a high mortality rate, and with recovery to normal neurological function in one-third of survivors. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery and related embolic complications are common preventable causes of ischemic stroke (IS), attributable to 7–18% of all first-time cases. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is considered a modulator of vascular calcification linked to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, OPG emerges as a potential biomarker (BM) of calcified carotid plaques and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). <b>Methods</b>: We performed a literature search of PubMed on OPG in CAS and atherosclerosis published until 2024. <b>Results</b>: Increased levels of serum OPG were reported in both patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS, and higher values were observed in those with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Notably, increased OPG levels were observed regardless of the location of atherosclerosis, including coronary and other peripheral arteries. In addition, chronic kidney disease, the most significant confounder disturbing the association between vascular damage and circulating OPG levels, decreases the usefulness of OPG as a BM in CAS. <b>Conclusions</b>: Osteoprotegerin may be considered an emerging BM of global rather than cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Its diagnostic significance in identifying patients with asymptomatic CAS and their monitoring is limited. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8b6f3e9cf3694b46b28af91d695058102025-01-24T13:29:09ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115221910.3390/diagnostics15020219Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-AnalysisJerzy Chudek0Marta Pośpiech1Anna Chudek2Michał Holecki3Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka4Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, PolandHealth Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland<b>Objective</b>: In developed countries, stroke is the fifth cause of death, with a high mortality rate, and with recovery to normal neurological function in one-third of survivors. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery and related embolic complications are common preventable causes of ischemic stroke (IS), attributable to 7–18% of all first-time cases. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is considered a modulator of vascular calcification linked to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, OPG emerges as a potential biomarker (BM) of calcified carotid plaques and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). <b>Methods</b>: We performed a literature search of PubMed on OPG in CAS and atherosclerosis published until 2024. <b>Results</b>: Increased levels of serum OPG were reported in both patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS, and higher values were observed in those with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Notably, increased OPG levels were observed regardless of the location of atherosclerosis, including coronary and other peripheral arteries. In addition, chronic kidney disease, the most significant confounder disturbing the association between vascular damage and circulating OPG levels, decreases the usefulness of OPG as a BM in CAS. <b>Conclusions</b>: Osteoprotegerin may be considered an emerging BM of global rather than cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Its diagnostic significance in identifying patients with asymptomatic CAS and their monitoring is limited.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/219atherosclerosiscarotid stenosisstrokeosteoprotegerin |
| spellingShingle | Jerzy Chudek Marta Pośpiech Anna Chudek Michał Holecki Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis Diagnostics atherosclerosis carotid stenosis stroke osteoprotegerin |
| title | Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | osteoprotegerin as an emerging biomarker of carotid artery stenosis a scoping review with meta analysis |
| topic | atherosclerosis carotid stenosis stroke osteoprotegerin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/219 |
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