A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbial community. Emerging evidence has revealed bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, termed the “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. This axis serves as a critical regulator of glial cell fun...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/920 |
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| author | Hui Guo Xiang Tang Xinyi He Yizhen Weng Quanquan Zhang Qi Fang Lulu Zhang |
| author_facet | Hui Guo Xiang Tang Xinyi He Yizhen Weng Quanquan Zhang Qi Fang Lulu Zhang |
| author_sort | Hui Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbial community. Emerging evidence has revealed bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, termed the “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. This axis serves as a critical regulator of glial cell function, positioning it as an essential target for ameliorating the onset and progression of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss the developments in the relationship between ischemic stroke and neuroinflammation via MGBA. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in signaling to microglia, astrocytes, and other immune components within this axis. We also summarize the interactions between the gut microbiota and glial cells under both healthy and ischemic stroke conditions. Additionally, we also focus on the role of microbiota-derived metabolites and neurotransmitters in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of targeting the intestinal and blood–brain barriers to improve MGBA. Finally, we evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence for dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in ischemic stroke. A comprehensive understanding of the MGBA is essential for developing MGBA-based treatment for ischemic stroke. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a4b8b73fc1944a9b7da6fd2b17ebdd3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a4b8b73fc1944a9b7da6fd2b17ebdd32025-08-20T03:07:57ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-06-0115792010.3390/biom15070920A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic StrokeHui Guo0Xiang Tang1Xinyi He2Yizhen Weng3Quanquan Zhang4Qi Fang5Lulu Zhang6Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, ChinaThe human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbial community. Emerging evidence has revealed bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, termed the “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. This axis serves as a critical regulator of glial cell function, positioning it as an essential target for ameliorating the onset and progression of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss the developments in the relationship between ischemic stroke and neuroinflammation via MGBA. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in signaling to microglia, astrocytes, and other immune components within this axis. We also summarize the interactions between the gut microbiota and glial cells under both healthy and ischemic stroke conditions. Additionally, we also focus on the role of microbiota-derived metabolites and neurotransmitters in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of targeting the intestinal and blood–brain barriers to improve MGBA. Finally, we evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence for dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in ischemic stroke. A comprehensive understanding of the MGBA is essential for developing MGBA-based treatment for ischemic stroke.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/920ischemic strokemicrobiome–gut–brain axisneuroinflammationgut-derived metabolitesneurotransmittersmicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Hui Guo Xiang Tang Xinyi He Yizhen Weng Quanquan Zhang Qi Fang Lulu Zhang A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke Biomolecules ischemic stroke microbiome–gut–brain axis neuroinflammation gut-derived metabolites neurotransmitters microglia |
| title | A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis via Neuroinflammation: Advances and Therapeutic Implications for Ischemic Stroke |
| title_sort | comprehensive review of the role of the microbiota gut brain axis via neuroinflammation advances and therapeutic implications for ischemic stroke |
| topic | ischemic stroke microbiome–gut–brain axis neuroinflammation gut-derived metabolites neurotransmitters microglia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/920 |
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