Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review
Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the sta...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/25 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588780609994752 |
|---|---|
| author | Emanuela Cerri Lorenzo Curti Emanuele Ghio |
| author_facet | Emanuela Cerri Lorenzo Curti Emanuele Ghio |
| author_sort | Emanuela Cerri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the state-of-the-art heat treatments currently applied on the as-built Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>. The as-built alloy shows yield strength values of 256–278 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 349–350 MPa, and elongation of 19.0–20.0% due to its bimodal microstructure, which is formed by fine and coarse grain zones. These microstructural features lead to an isotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties. Varying the process parameters, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can reach values higher than 300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, maintaining an isotropic behaviour. After direct aging heat treatment (325 °C × 4 h), the yield and ultimate tensile strength values increase up to 456–469 MPa and 512–521 MPa, respectively, while the strain decreases to 12.0–13.0% due to phase precipitation in the α-Al matrix. Notably, the bimodal microstructure remains largely unchanged. The HIP treatment, carried out at 325 °C × 4 h with a pressure of 1000 bar, reduced the porosity (approximatively 0.18%), resulting in further improvements. The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose to 482–493 MPa and 523–547 MPa, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84f3c8ae9dba450d9c86bf171e7fcca5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-84f3c8ae9dba450d9c86bf171e7fcca52025-01-24T13:28:02ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522024-12-011512510.3390/cryst15010025Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A ReviewEmanuela Cerri0Lorenzo Curti1Emanuele Ghio2Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, Via G. Usberti, 181/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, Via G. Usberti, 181/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, Via G. Usberti, 181/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyScalmalloy<sup>®</sup> is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the state-of-the-art heat treatments currently applied on the as-built Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>. The as-built alloy shows yield strength values of 256–278 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 349–350 MPa, and elongation of 19.0–20.0% due to its bimodal microstructure, which is formed by fine and coarse grain zones. These microstructural features lead to an isotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties. Varying the process parameters, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can reach values higher than 300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, maintaining an isotropic behaviour. After direct aging heat treatment (325 °C × 4 h), the yield and ultimate tensile strength values increase up to 456–469 MPa and 512–521 MPa, respectively, while the strain decreases to 12.0–13.0% due to phase precipitation in the α-Al matrix. Notably, the bimodal microstructure remains largely unchanged. The HIP treatment, carried out at 325 °C × 4 h with a pressure of 1000 bar, reduced the porosity (approximatively 0.18%), resulting in further improvements. The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose to 482–493 MPa and 523–547 MPa, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/25Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>heat treatmentmicrostructuremechanical propertieslaser powder bed fusionadditive manufacturing |
| spellingShingle | Emanuela Cerri Lorenzo Curti Emanuele Ghio Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review Crystals Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> heat treatment microstructure mechanical properties laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing |
| title | Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review |
| title_full | Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review |
| title_short | Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup>: A Review |
| title_sort | main heat treatments currently applied on laser powder bed fused scalmalloy sup r sup a review |
| topic | Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> heat treatment microstructure mechanical properties laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/25 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emanuelacerri mainheattreatmentscurrentlyappliedonlaserpowderbedfusedscalmalloysupsupareview AT lorenzocurti mainheattreatmentscurrentlyappliedonlaserpowderbedfusedscalmalloysupsupareview AT emanueleghio mainheattreatmentscurrentlyappliedonlaserpowderbedfusedscalmalloysupsupareview |