Causal analysis of education attainment and brain structure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Abstract Background In recent years, multiple observational studies have confirmed the association between educational attainment and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At the same time, advancements in neuroimaging have revealed changes in brain structure and function in...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-025-00424-z |
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