The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice

The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe disease, but unequal distribution, especially in low- and middle-income countries, has led to vaccine-resistant strains. This highlights the urgent need for alternative vaccine platforms that are safe, thermostable, and easy to dist...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eun Kim, Muhammad S. Khan, Juyeop Shin, Shaohua Huang, Alessandro Ferrari, Donghoon Han, Eunjin An, Thomas W. Kenniston, Irene Cassaniti, Fausto Baldanti, Dohyeon Jeong, Andrea Gambotto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
COVID-19 vaccine
microneedle array patch
SARS-CoV-2
S1 protein subunit
gamma irradiation sterilization
thermostability
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/86
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