Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review
Abstract Background An association between testicular cancer and Down syndrome has been reported by several studies. Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumours is rare, and yolk sac tumours are often considered secondary components of mixed germ cell tumours. Herei...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03589-x |
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| author | Qiang Wang Hai-bin Zhou Li Ao Yi Jiang Xiao-Cong Zhou |
| author_facet | Qiang Wang Hai-bin Zhou Li Ao Yi Jiang Xiao-Cong Zhou |
| author_sort | Qiang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background An association between testicular cancer and Down syndrome has been reported by several studies. Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumours is rare, and yolk sac tumours are often considered secondary components of mixed germ cell tumours. Herein, we present a rare case of retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour with cryptorchidism accompanied by yolk sac tumour and seminoma in a patient with Down syndrome, along with its imaging features. Case presentation A 42-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 6 months due to a worsening abdominal pain that was followed by syncope for 8 h. There was a significant increase in AFP and β-HCG levels. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the entire abdomen showed a mixed cystic solid mass in the retroperitoneal space. Fluorine-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT examination showed an abnormal increase in the FDG uptake in the parenchymal part of the mass, with a maximum standardised uptake value of approximately 10.5. The pathological diagnosis was retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour (yolk sac tumour + seminoma). One and a half months postoperatively, the tumour recurred. Consequently, the patient underwent chemotherapy, and after one course of treatment, the patient developed bone marrow suppression. Finally, he died due to complications. Conclusions Yolk sac tumours, the main components of mixed germ cell tumours, are rare in adults and exhibit rapid growth, heightened malignancy, and poor prognoses. CT features play a crucial role in diagnosis. Down syndrome is a high-risk factor for malignant testicular germ cell tumours. Therefore, comprehensive examinations for gonadal and germ cell tumours in patients with Down syndrome are imperative and should be prioritised by clinicians. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e9239bc9d504052bd39c35a37e10c63 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1477-7819 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e9239bc9d504052bd39c35a37e10c632025-01-26T12:36:34ZengBMCWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology1477-78192025-01-012311610.1186/s12957-024-03589-xDown syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature reviewQiang Wang0Hai-bin Zhou1Li Ao2Yi Jiang3Xiao-Cong Zhou4Department of Radiology, Dingli Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital)Department of Radiology, Dingli Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital)Department of Radiology, Dingli Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital)Department of Pathology, Dingli Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital)Department of Colorectal Surgery, Dingli Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital)Abstract Background An association between testicular cancer and Down syndrome has been reported by several studies. Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumours is rare, and yolk sac tumours are often considered secondary components of mixed germ cell tumours. Herein, we present a rare case of retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour with cryptorchidism accompanied by yolk sac tumour and seminoma in a patient with Down syndrome, along with its imaging features. Case presentation A 42-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 6 months due to a worsening abdominal pain that was followed by syncope for 8 h. There was a significant increase in AFP and β-HCG levels. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the entire abdomen showed a mixed cystic solid mass in the retroperitoneal space. Fluorine-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT examination showed an abnormal increase in the FDG uptake in the parenchymal part of the mass, with a maximum standardised uptake value of approximately 10.5. The pathological diagnosis was retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour (yolk sac tumour + seminoma). One and a half months postoperatively, the tumour recurred. Consequently, the patient underwent chemotherapy, and after one course of treatment, the patient developed bone marrow suppression. Finally, he died due to complications. Conclusions Yolk sac tumours, the main components of mixed germ cell tumours, are rare in adults and exhibit rapid growth, heightened malignancy, and poor prognoses. CT features play a crucial role in diagnosis. Down syndrome is a high-risk factor for malignant testicular germ cell tumours. Therefore, comprehensive examinations for gonadal and germ cell tumours in patients with Down syndrome are imperative and should be prioritised by clinicians.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03589-xDown’s syndromeCryptorchidismMixed germ cell tumourYolk sac tumourSeminoma |
| spellingShingle | Qiang Wang Hai-bin Zhou Li Ao Yi Jiang Xiao-Cong Zhou Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review World Journal of Surgical Oncology Down’s syndrome Cryptorchidism Mixed germ cell tumour Yolk sac tumour Seminoma |
| title | Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review |
| title_full | Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review |
| title_short | Down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient: a case report and literature review |
| title_sort | down syndrome with cryptorchidism and retroperitoneal mixed germ cell tumour in an adult patient a case report and literature review |
| topic | Down’s syndrome Cryptorchidism Mixed germ cell tumour Yolk sac tumour Seminoma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03589-x |
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