<italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review
Atmospheric turbulence influence on optical wave propagation, referred to as optical turbulence, has long been studied for astronomical applications and is now being addressed for free-space optical communication links between ground and satellites. While challenges overlap, models developed for ast...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10855431/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832540538280083456 |
|---|---|
| author | Florian Quatresooz Claude Oestges |
| author_facet | Florian Quatresooz Claude Oestges |
| author_sort | Florian Quatresooz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atmospheric turbulence influence on optical wave propagation, referred to as optical turbulence, has long been studied for astronomical applications and is now being addressed for free-space optical communication links between ground and satellites. While challenges overlap, models developed for astronomical applications are not fully transferable to optical communications. This paper provides a literature review of optical turbulence models, i.e., models giving vertical profiles of the refractive index structure parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, highlighting differences between astronomical and optical communication sites. It presents different classifications of available <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> models, based on the atmospheric layer they target and their necessary input parameters. Boundary layer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> models are also addressed, and recent machine learning approaches for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modeling are discussed. Additionally, commonly used metrics for comparing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> profiles are introduced. Therefore, this work provides important insights into optical turbulence model selection, enabling accurate site characterization and informed optical terminal design. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ddc25fa17e041db8d54a0e381b2fc5b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ddc25fa17e041db8d54a0e381b2fc5b2025-02-05T00:01:11ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113212792130510.1109/ACCESS.2025.353509310855431<italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A ReviewFlorian Quatresooz0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-2504Claude Oestges1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-4565ICTEAM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumICTEAM, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumAtmospheric turbulence influence on optical wave propagation, referred to as optical turbulence, has long been studied for astronomical applications and is now being addressed for free-space optical communication links between ground and satellites. While challenges overlap, models developed for astronomical applications are not fully transferable to optical communications. This paper provides a literature review of optical turbulence models, i.e., models giving vertical profiles of the refractive index structure parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, highlighting differences between astronomical and optical communication sites. It presents different classifications of available <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> models, based on the atmospheric layer they target and their necessary input parameters. Boundary layer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> models are also addressed, and recent machine learning approaches for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modeling are discussed. Additionally, commonly used metrics for comparing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> profiles are introduced. Therefore, this work provides important insights into optical turbulence model selection, enabling accurate site characterization and informed optical terminal design.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10855431/Atmospheric turbulence modelingfree-space optical communicationsoptical turbulence |
| spellingShingle | Florian Quatresooz Claude Oestges <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review IEEE Access Atmospheric turbulence modeling free-space optical communications optical turbulence |
| title | <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review |
| title_full | <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review |
| title_fullStr | <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review |
| title_short | <italic>Cₙ</italic>² Modeling for Free-Space Optical Communications: A Review |
| title_sort | italic c x2099 italic x00b2 modeling for free space optical communications a review |
| topic | Atmospheric turbulence modeling free-space optical communications optical turbulence |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10855431/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT florianquatresooz italiccx2099italicx00b2modelingforfreespaceopticalcommunicationsareview AT claudeoestges italiccx2099italicx00b2modelingforfreespaceopticalcommunicationsareview |