Mapping the Global distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends of COPD incidence and mortality (1990–2021): ecological analysis

Mapping the Global distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends of COPD incidence and mortality (1990–2021): ecological analysis

Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a significant global public health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to analyze global trends in COPD from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on age, sex, and regional variations....

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Main Authors: Shafaq Naeem, Fang Wang, Rabia Mubarak, Hui Shen, Xuechun Li, Irene Mommers, Syeda Rija Hussain, Saima Shakil Malik, Chuanhua Yu, Eelko Hak, Xiaolin Xu, Muhammad Fawad, Sumaira Mubarik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Medicine
Subjects:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Incidence rate
Mortality rate
Smoking
Air pollution
Sustainable development goals
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04014-0
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04014-0

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