Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system
Stack effect of sloped tunnel and cooling effect and dragging force induced by water spray system change smoke temperature which is a serious threat to the stability and integrity of the tunnel structure. Smoke temperature profile is investigated under various heat release rates (10 MW, 15 MW, and 2...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017702 |
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| author | Jie Wang Dan Huang Yanlong Song Kaihua Lu |
| author_facet | Jie Wang Dan Huang Yanlong Song Kaihua Lu |
| author_sort | Jie Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stack effect of sloped tunnel and cooling effect and dragging force induced by water spray system change smoke temperature which is a serious threat to the stability and integrity of the tunnel structure. Smoke temperature profile is investigated under various heat release rates (10 MW, 15 MW, and 20 MW), water spray flow rates (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 L/min), and atomizing angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°) at a constant slope of 3 %. The results reveal that the water spray system significantly suppresses the maximum temperature rise, particularly in the downstream area adjacent to the fire source, where the aggregation of smoke and the induced stack effect intensify the impact. Several dimensionless maximum temperature rise models were developed, incorporating a Q∗, q, and θ. The dimensionless maximum temperature rise adheres to an exponential decay function relative to the distance from the fire source, the index is −0.37, indicating a direct proportionality. This relationship is influenced by the heat absorption capacity of water spray droplets, which is a function of both the flow rate and the atomizing angle. Although the atomization angle has a minimal effect on the total heat absorption, it changes the spatial distribution of heat absorption, thereby affecting the smoke temperature curve. The flow rate is more important than the atomization angle in controlling smoke temperature. This predictive model is a reliable tool for estimating the maximum temperature rise in the upstream and downstream areas of the fire source under various water spray conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-794563e22f8b41af90d2dff5b9e07cbb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-794563e22f8b41af90d2dff5b9e07cbb2025-02-02T05:27:19ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-02-0166105739Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray systemJie Wang0Dan Huang1Yanlong Song2Kaihua Lu3School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China; Safety and Emergency Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China; Corresponding author. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Qingshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China; Safety and Emergency Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China; Safety and Emergency Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, ChinaStack effect of sloped tunnel and cooling effect and dragging force induced by water spray system change smoke temperature which is a serious threat to the stability and integrity of the tunnel structure. Smoke temperature profile is investigated under various heat release rates (10 MW, 15 MW, and 20 MW), water spray flow rates (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 L/min), and atomizing angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°) at a constant slope of 3 %. The results reveal that the water spray system significantly suppresses the maximum temperature rise, particularly in the downstream area adjacent to the fire source, where the aggregation of smoke and the induced stack effect intensify the impact. Several dimensionless maximum temperature rise models were developed, incorporating a Q∗, q, and θ. The dimensionless maximum temperature rise adheres to an exponential decay function relative to the distance from the fire source, the index is −0.37, indicating a direct proportionality. This relationship is influenced by the heat absorption capacity of water spray droplets, which is a function of both the flow rate and the atomizing angle. Although the atomization angle has a minimal effect on the total heat absorption, it changes the spatial distribution of heat absorption, thereby affecting the smoke temperature curve. The flow rate is more important than the atomization angle in controlling smoke temperature. This predictive model is a reliable tool for estimating the maximum temperature rise in the upstream and downstream areas of the fire source under various water spray conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017702Tunnel fireSingle-slope tunnelCeiling maximum smoke temperatureWater spray system |
| spellingShingle | Jie Wang Dan Huang Yanlong Song Kaihua Lu Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Tunnel fire Single-slope tunnel Ceiling maximum smoke temperature Water spray system |
| title | Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| title_full | Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| title_fullStr | Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| title_short | Improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| title_sort | improved prediction model for ceiling maximum smoke temperature in the uphill tunnel fires using water spray system |
| topic | Tunnel fire Single-slope tunnel Ceiling maximum smoke temperature Water spray system |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017702 |
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