In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
The widespread chronic enteritis known as Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), posing a significant threat to global public health. Given the challenges associated with PTB or JD, the development and application of va...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1505313/full |
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| author | Weiqi Guo Weiqi Guo Xinyu Wang Jiangang Hu Beibei Zhang Luru Zhao Luru Zhao Guangdong Zhang Jingjing Qi Zuzhang Wei Yanqing Bao Mingxing Tian Shaohui Wang |
| author_facet | Weiqi Guo Weiqi Guo Xinyu Wang Jiangang Hu Beibei Zhang Luru Zhao Luru Zhao Guangdong Zhang Jingjing Qi Zuzhang Wei Yanqing Bao Mingxing Tian Shaohui Wang |
| author_sort | Weiqi Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The widespread chronic enteritis known as Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), posing a significant threat to global public health. Given the challenges associated with PTB or JD, the development and application of vaccines are potentially important for disease control. The aim of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MAP. A total of 198 MAP genomes were analyzed using pan-genome and reverse vaccinology approaches. B-cell and T-cell epitope analysis was performed on the selected promising cross-protective antigens followed by selection of epitopes with high antigenicity, no allergenicity, and no toxicity for the design of the vaccine. The designed vaccine was evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and immunological simulations. The results revealed the identification of five promising cross-protective antigens. In total, 10 B-cell epitopes, 10 HTL epitopes, and 9 CTL epitopes were selected for the design of the vaccine. Both the vaccine candidate and the vaccine-TLR4 complex demonstrated considerable stability in molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the vaccine candidate successfully interacted with TLR4. Immunological simulations showed an increase in both B-cell and T-cell populations after vaccination. Additionally, the vaccine candidate exhibited a codon adaptability index of 1.0 and a GC content of 53.64%, indicating strong potential for successful expression in Escherichia coli. This research developed a multi-epitope vaccine targeting MAP through pan-genomes and reverse vaccinology methods, offering innovative strategies for creating effective vaccines against MAP. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-792c7172ff62422787a194767385703b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-792c7172ff62422787a194767385703b2025-01-28T06:41:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15053131505313In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisWeiqi Guo0Weiqi Guo1Xinyu Wang2Jiangang Hu3Beibei Zhang4Luru Zhao5Luru Zhao6Guangdong Zhang7Jingjing Qi8Zuzhang Wei9Yanqing Bao10Mingxing Tian11Shaohui Wang12Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaLaboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaLaboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaLaboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaThe widespread chronic enteritis known as Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), posing a significant threat to global public health. Given the challenges associated with PTB or JD, the development and application of vaccines are potentially important for disease control. The aim of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MAP. A total of 198 MAP genomes were analyzed using pan-genome and reverse vaccinology approaches. B-cell and T-cell epitope analysis was performed on the selected promising cross-protective antigens followed by selection of epitopes with high antigenicity, no allergenicity, and no toxicity for the design of the vaccine. The designed vaccine was evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and immunological simulations. The results revealed the identification of five promising cross-protective antigens. In total, 10 B-cell epitopes, 10 HTL epitopes, and 9 CTL epitopes were selected for the design of the vaccine. Both the vaccine candidate and the vaccine-TLR4 complex demonstrated considerable stability in molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the vaccine candidate successfully interacted with TLR4. Immunological simulations showed an increase in both B-cell and T-cell populations after vaccination. Additionally, the vaccine candidate exhibited a codon adaptability index of 1.0 and a GC content of 53.64%, indicating strong potential for successful expression in Escherichia coli. This research developed a multi-epitope vaccine targeting MAP through pan-genomes and reverse vaccinology methods, offering innovative strategies for creating effective vaccines against MAP.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1505313/fullmulti-epitope vaccineMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosispan-genomereverse vaccinologymolecular dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Weiqi Guo Weiqi Guo Xinyu Wang Jiangang Hu Beibei Zhang Luru Zhao Luru Zhao Guangdong Zhang Jingjing Qi Zuzhang Wei Yanqing Bao Mingxing Tian Shaohui Wang In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Frontiers in Immunology multi-epitope vaccine Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis pan-genome reverse vaccinology molecular dynamics |
| title | In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| title_full | In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| title_short | In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| title_sort | in silico design of a multi epitope vaccine against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis |
| topic | multi-epitope vaccine Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis pan-genome reverse vaccinology molecular dynamics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1505313/full |
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