Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO2 nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt...
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University of Baghdad
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://jih.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/j/article/view/3986 |
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| author | Rasheed L. Jawad Raghad S. Abbas |
| author_facet | Rasheed L. Jawad Raghad S. Abbas |
| author_sort | Rasheed L. Jawad |
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO2 nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles after subjecting them to a calcination process at temperatures of about 400 °C and 700 °C, and with polymer blends of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt%, and PVP constant wt%). A UV–Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared samples, namely, the absorption coefficients and Urbach energies. It was observed that the Urbach energies were highest for the samples with calcination temperature 400 °C and 20 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles blended with PVA 65 wt%, PEG 10 wt%, and PVP 5 wt%. The Urbach energy for the PVA–PEG–PVP polymer blend was 0.32 eV. For the anatase phase (calcination at 400 °C), the Urbach energy was in the range of 0.41–5.55 eV for PVA–PEG–PVP–TiO2 nanocomposites, and for the rutile phase (calcination at 700 °C) it was in the range of 0.31–1.94 eV. The findings have important ramifications for applications of these nanocomposites as reusable photocatalysts, by providing a means of extending their useful life.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78238e577b2a48c682160d47a78742cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1609-4042 2521-3407 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Baghdad |
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| series | Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-78238e577b2a48c682160d47a78742cc2025-01-22T01:21:03ZengUniversity of BaghdadIbn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences1609-40422521-34072025-01-0138110.30526/38.1.3986Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid CompositesRasheed L. Jawad 0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9628-3827Raghad S. Abbas1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-8011Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq.Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO2 nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles after subjecting them to a calcination process at temperatures of about 400 °C and 700 °C, and with polymer blends of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt%, and PVP constant wt%). A UV–Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared samples, namely, the absorption coefficients and Urbach energies. It was observed that the Urbach energies were highest for the samples with calcination temperature 400 °C and 20 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles blended with PVA 65 wt%, PEG 10 wt%, and PVP 5 wt%. The Urbach energy for the PVA–PEG–PVP polymer blend was 0.32 eV. For the anatase phase (calcination at 400 °C), the Urbach energy was in the range of 0.41–5.55 eV for PVA–PEG–PVP–TiO2 nanocomposites, and for the rutile phase (calcination at 700 °C) it was in the range of 0.31–1.94 eV. The findings have important ramifications for applications of these nanocomposites as reusable photocatalysts, by providing a means of extending their useful life. https://jih.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/j/article/view/3986Titanium dioxide nanoparticlePVAPEGPVPUrbach energypolymer blend. |
| spellingShingle | Rasheed L. Jawad Raghad S. Abbas Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences Titanium dioxide nanoparticle PVA PEG PVP Urbach energy polymer blend. |
| title | Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites |
| title_full | Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites |
| title_short | Exploring the Variation of Urbach Energies Between Anatase and Rutile Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Polymer-Based Hybrid Composites |
| title_sort | exploring the variation of urbach energies between anatase and rutile phases of tio2 nanoparticles in polymer based hybrid composites |
| topic | Titanium dioxide nanoparticle PVA PEG PVP Urbach energy polymer blend. |
| url | https://jih.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/j/article/view/3986 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rasheedljawad exploringthevariationofurbachenergiesbetweenanataseandrutilephasesoftio2nanoparticlesinpolymerbasedhybridcomposites AT raghadsabbas exploringthevariationofurbachenergiesbetweenanataseandrutilephasesoftio2nanoparticlesinpolymerbasedhybridcomposites |